{"id":11911,"date":"2026-03-10T13:02:44","date_gmt":"2026-03-10T11:02:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/nothing-is-as-it-seems\/"},"modified":"2026-05-15T13:18:28","modified_gmt":"2026-05-15T11:18:28","slug":"nothing-is-as-it-seems","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/en\/nothing-is-as-it-seems\/","title":{"rendered":"Nothing is as it seems"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;no&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; bg_type=&#8221;bg_color&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; bg_color_value=&#8221;#000000&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1746632125762{background-color: #000000 !important;}&#8221; anchor=&#8221;hero&#8221;][vc_column][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;368px&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221; el_class=&#8221;color-blanc m3-bottom-res&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h1>Nothing is as it seems<\/h1>\n<div id=\"gtx-trans\" style=\"position: absolute; left: 264px; top: 112.438px;\">\n<div class=\"gtx-trans-icon\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;190px&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;no&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; bg_type=&#8221;grad&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1740590072551{margin-top: -95px !important;}&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; bg_grad=&#8221;background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%, #000000), color-stop(20%, #000000), color-stop(21%, #FFFFFF), color-stop(60%, #FFFFFF));background: -moz-linear-gradient(top,#000000 0%,#000000 20%,#FFFFFF 21%,#FFFFFF 60%);background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top,#000000 0%,#000000 20%,#FFFFFF 21%,#FFFFFF 60%);background: -o-linear-gradient(top,#000000 0%,#000000 20%,#FFFFFF 21%,#FFFFFF 60%);background: -ms-linear-gradient(top,#000000 0%,#000000 20%,#FFFFFF 21%,#FFFFFF 60%);background: linear-gradient(top,#000000 0%,#000000 20%,#FFFFFF 21%,#FFFFFF 60%);&#8221;][vc_column css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1739708113171{margin-top: -95px !important;}&#8221;]<div id=\"ult-carousel-13647945186a11f80222610\" class=\"ult-carousel-wrapper  carrusel_comisariat_besties ult_horizontal\" data-gutter=\"10\" data-rtl=\"false\" ><div class=\"ult-carousel-16717473456a11f80222557 \" ><div class=\"ult-item-wrap\" data-animation=\"animated no-animation\"><div class=\"qode-info-card\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"qode-info-card-image\" style=\"background-color:#fff\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/4.5.Nicolas-franco.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"qode-info-card-text-holder\" style=\"background-color:#fff\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"qode-info-card-title\" >\n\t\t\t\tNicol\u00e1s Mart\u00ednez Lage, NIKO. Francisco Franco, 1950-1981. Marker pen on card, 31.5 x 23.4 cm. MORERA Collection. Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art of Lleida, 1053&lt;br\/&gt;Donated by the Andrea Mart\u00ednez Family, 1993\t\t\t<\/h6>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ult-item-wrap\" data-animation=\"animated no-animation\"><div class=\"qode-info-card\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"qode-info-card-image\" style=\"background-color:#fff\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/7.LA-CARITAT_1.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"qode-info-card-text-holder\" style=\"background-color:#fff\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"qode-info-card-title\" >\n\t\t\t\tAlexander Fisher, &lt;em&gt;La Caritat (Charity)&lt;\/em&gt;, 1907, enamel on metal. MADB 1593&lt;br\/&gt;Museu del Disseny-DHub\t\t\t<\/h6>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ult-item-wrap\" data-animation=\"animated no-animation\"><div class=\"qode-info-card\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"qode-info-card-image\" style=\"background-color:#fff\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/1.La-Policia_Pellicer_escorcoll.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"qode-info-card-text-holder\" style=\"background-color:#fff\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"qode-info-card-title\" >\n\t\t\t\tJosep Llu\u00eds Pellicer, &lt;em&gt;Police search,&lt;\/em&gt; 1886. National Museum of Art of Catalonia, Acquisition of the Casellas collection, 1911, Public domain\t\t\t<\/h6>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ult-item-wrap\" data-animation=\"animated no-animation\"><div class=\"qode-info-card\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"qode-info-card-image\" style=\"background-color:#fff\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/lluitadores.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"qode-info-card-text-holder\" style=\"background-color:#fff\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"qode-info-card-title\" >\n\t\t\t\tEsther Remacha. &lt;em&gt;Women Freedom Fighters 3,&lt;\/em&gt; 1976-1977. Black-and-white photograph, 30 x 40 cm. MORERA Collection. Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art of Lleida, 5022&lt;br\/&gt;Generalitat de Catalunya Collection. National Collection of Photography, 2022\t\t\t<\/h6>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ult-item-wrap\" data-animation=\"animated no-animation\"><div class=\"qode-info-card\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"qode-info-card-image\" style=\"background-color:#fff\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/10.La-preso\u0301_9a_FJM-04767_1.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"qode-info-card-text-holder\" style=\"background-color:#fff\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"qode-info-card-title\" >\n\t\t\t\tJoan Mir\u00f3. &lt;em&gt;L\u2019esperan\u00e7a del condemnat a mort I&lt;\/em&gt;, 9 de febrer de 1974, acr\u00edlic damunt tela. \u00a9 Fundaci\u00f3 Joan Mir\u00f3, Barcelona\t\t\t<\/h6>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ult-item-wrap\" data-animation=\"animated no-animation\"><div class=\"qode-info-card\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"qode-info-card-image\" style=\"background-color:#fff\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/kiss.png\" alt=\"\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"qode-info-card-text-holder\" style=\"background-color:#fff\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"qode-info-card-title\" >\n\t\t\t\tRabascall, Joan. &lt;em&gt;Atomic &lt;\/em&gt;Kiss, 1968. Acrylic on canvas. 162 x 97 cm&lt;br\/&gt;MACBA Collection. Barcelona City Council Collection. \u00a9 Joan Rabascall, VEGAP, Barcelona&lt;br\/&gt;\t\t\t<\/h6>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ult-item-wrap\" data-animation=\"animated no-animation\"><div class=\"qode-info-card\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"qode-info-card-image\" style=\"background-color:#fff\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/3.Lart_3_Ferrer-Miro\u0301_1.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"qode-info-card-text-holder\" style=\"background-color:#fff\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"qode-info-card-title\" >\n\t\t\t\tJoan Ferrer Mir\u00f3, &lt;em&gt;Public exhibition of a painting,&lt;\/em&gt; circa 1888. National Museum of Art of Catalonia, Contribution from the Barcelona Provincial Council, 1906, Public domain\t\t\t<\/h6>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ult-item-wrap\" data-animation=\"animated no-animation\"><div class=\"qode-info-card\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"qode-info-card-image\" style=\"background-color:#fff\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/5.Loposicio\u0301_5_Pons_2.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"qode-info-card-text-holder\" style=\"background-color:#fff\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"qode-info-card-title\" >\n\t\t\t\tJ. Pons, &lt;em&gt;Lina \u00d3dena&lt;\/em&gt;, 1937. National Museum of Art of Catalonia, From the \u201cInternational Exhibition\u201d, Paris, 1937, \u00a9 The author or their heirs\t\t\t<\/h6>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\t\t\t\tjQuery(document).ready(function ($) {\n\t\t\t\t\tif( typeof jQuery('.ult-carousel-16717473456a11f80222557').slick == \"function\"){\n\t\t\t\t\t\t$('.ult-carousel-16717473456a11f80222557').slick({dots: true,autoplay: true,autoplaySpeed: \"5000\",speed: \"300\",infinite: true,arrows: true,nextArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Next\" style=\"color:#333333; font-size:20px;\" class=\"slick-next default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-right6\"><\/i><\/button>',prevArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Previous\" style=\"color:#333333; font-size:20px;\" class=\"slick-prev default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-left6\"><\/i><\/button>',slidesToScroll:4,slidesToShow:4,swipe: true,draggable: true,touchMove: true,pauseOnHover: true,pauseOnFocus: false,centerMode: true,adaptiveHeight: true,responsive: [\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1026,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 4,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 4,  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1025,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 760,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t],pauseOnDotsHover: true,customPaging: function(slider, i) {\n                   return '<i type=\"button\" style= \"color:#333333;\" class=\"ultsl-radio-unchecked\" data-role=\"none\"><\/i>';\n                },});\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t});\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;no&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column][vc_separator type=&#8221;normal&#8221; thickness=&#8221;1&#8243; up=&#8221;94&#8243; color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; down=&#8221;64&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;no&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1739778989055{margin-bottom: 94px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;]<div class=\"comissionariat-title color-negro orientation-false\" style=\"\" id=\"museums-power-and-dissent\">\n        <h2 class=\"fade-in\">MUSEUMS: POWER AND DISSENT<\/h2><\/div>    <div class=\"block_quote color-negro fade-in\">\n        <div class=\"image_holder\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/josepmariaminguet.png\" alt=\"Joan Maria Minguet\">\n                <\/div>\n        <div class=\"block_quote_content\">\n                            <p class=\"title\">Joan Maria Minguet<\/p>\n                                        <p>Retired professor from the Department of Art and Musicology at the Autonomous University of Barcelona. Art critic and exhibition curator.<\/p>\n                        <div class=\"social-links\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/joanm.minguet\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><i class=\"fi fi-brands-instagram\"><\/i><\/a>\n                                                                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/jminguetb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><i class=\"fi fi-brands-twitter-alt\"><\/i><\/a>\n                                                                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    [\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221;]Images don\u2019t speak for themselves. By drawing an interesting interpretation of \u201cSchr\u00f6dinger\u2019s Cat\u201d paradox by the famous physicist, we could say works of art do not exist until someone observes them. And asks questions about them. If there are no questions, and we accept that this image has the autonomous power to explain itself, we turn the observer into a mere hostage. And art into cosmetics.<\/p>\n<p>Images don&#8217;t speak for themselves; they respond to the questions we ask them at every moment and in every context. Under the guise of neutrality, museums are an institutional context which politically level all messages, all interpretations, both successive and contemporary, that images can offer. In museums, time stops and becomes controlled by the institution. Even if, sometimes, the institution doesn\u2019t aim to do so.<\/p>\n<p>This project proposes certain readings based on the hypothesis that it is impossible for a museum to be neutral. We aim to highlight a series of works coming from the Xarxa de Museus d\u2019Art de Catalunya that call for the observer to choose an interpretation: between power and dissent, and between exercising power and the art that has been critical of it. It\u2019s time for the observer to take the lid off the box and decide whether Schr\u00f6dinger\u2019s cat is alive or dead.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;no&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774433770254{padding-top: 120px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;background-color: #000000 !important;}&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; el_class=&#8221;row-reverse-res&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;]<div class=\"comissionariat-title color-blanco orientation-false\" style=\"\" id=\"exercising-power-those-who-rule-and-those-who-have-ruled\">\n        <h2 class=\"fade-in\">EXERCISING POWER. THOSE WHO RULE AND THOSE WHO HAVE RULED<\/h2><\/div>[vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1773141562769{margin-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;font-gran color-blanc fade-in&#8221;]Museum halls are littered with traces of those who have ruled. As well as of those who rule. These are located in the halls or, if the leaders have fallen into disgrace, in the vaults. In reality, some images are confusing. What are these works doing there? Some of the purposes for which they were created, whether for or against power, may have faded over time. The representation of power has traditionally been submissive, but the images depend on the observer\u2019s gaze.<\/p>\n<p>The vaults of Catalan museums, for example, contain coins, busts and portraits of the dictator Franco. Certain ideologies may seek to reclaim these images to assert the fascism they represent. Looking back even further, we find even more rulers. We keep finding even more rulers, from here or elsewhere, whether real or imaginary. What can we do with so much feverish power, with what they represent, with the artists who made these designs, with us, who look at them?[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;2\/12&#8243;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11337&#8243; img_size=&#8221;390&#215;800&#8243; css=&#8221;&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774876077766{margin-top: 20px !important;padding-bottom: 80px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda color-blanc fade-in m1-top-res color-blanc&#8221;]Baldomer Gili Roig. <em>Alfonso XIII,<\/em> 1905. Oil on canvas, 220 x 110 cm.<br \/>\nMORERA Collection. Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art of Lleida, 0334<br \/>\nDonated by the Lleida Provincial Council, 1917<br \/>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;no&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774433803195{padding-bottom: 80px !important;background-color: #000000 !important;}&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11777&#8243; img_size=&#8221;large&#8221; css=&#8221;&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1778763466955{margin-top: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda color-blanc fade-in m1-top-res color-blanc&#8221;]Jordi Jov\u00e9. <em>The horse is a good friend,<\/em> 1987. Metallic paint, acrylic and primer on paper, 60 x 39 cm. MORERA Collection. Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art of Lleida, 0954. Loaned by Lleida City Council, 1987[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11780&#8243; img_size=&#8221;large&#8221; css=&#8221;&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1778763456748{margin-top: 20px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda color-blanc fade-in m1-top-res color-blanc&#8221;]Ignasi Prat. <em>The World of the Victors<\/em> (Pazo de Meir\u00e1s, Sada), 2014. Digital colour photograph, 78 x 110 cm. MORERA Collection. Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art of Lleida, 5009. Generalitat de Catalunya Collection. National Collection of Photography, 2022[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;no&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774433826879{padding-top: 80px !important;padding-bottom: 100px !important;background-color: #000000 !important;}&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1773143221514{padding-right: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;]<div class=\"qode-info-card\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"qode-info-card-image\" style=\"background-color:#fff\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/4.Nicolas-Hitler.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"qode-info-card-text-holder\" style=\"background-color:#fff\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"qode-info-card-text\" >\n\t\t\t\tNicol\u00e1s Mart\u00ednez Lage, NIKO. <em>Adolf Hitler<\/em>, 1950-1981. RMarker pen and primer on card, 56.2 x 49.5 cm. Col\u00b7lecci\u00f3 MORERA. Museu d\u2019Art Modern i Contemporani de Lleida, 1041. Donated by the Andrea Mart\u00ednez Family, 1993\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>[\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1773143618696{padding-right: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;]<div class=\"qode-info-card\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"qode-info-card-image\" style=\"background-color:#fff\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/4.2.Nicolas-alfonsoXIII.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"qode-info-card-text-holder\" style=\"background-color:#fff\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"qode-info-card-text\" >\n\t\t\t\tNicol\u00e1s Mart\u00ednez Lage, NIKO. <em>Alfonso XIII<\/em>, 1950-1981. Marker pen and primer on card, 56.2 x 49.5 cm. Col\u00b7lecci\u00f3 MORERA. Museu d\u2019Art Modern i Contemporani de Lleida, 1026. Donaci\u00f3 de la Fam\u00edlia Mart\u00ednez Andrea, 1993\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>[\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1773143628872{padding-right: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;]<div class=\"qode-info-card\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"qode-info-card-image\" style=\"background-color:#fff\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/4.3.Nicolas-fidelcastro.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"qode-info-card-text-holder\" style=\"background-color:#fff\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"qode-info-card-text\" >\n\t\t\t\tNicol\u00e1s Mart\u00ednez Lage, NIKO. <em>Fidel Castro<\/em>, 1950-1981. Pencil and marker pen on card, 67.2 x 40.2 cm. Col\u00b7lecci\u00f3 MORERA. Museu d\u2019Art Modern i Contemporani de Lleida, 1026. Donaci\u00f3 de la Fam\u00edlia Mart\u00ednez Andrea, 1993\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>[\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1773143639435{padding-right: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;]<div class=\"qode-info-card\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"qode-info-card-image\" style=\"background-color:#fff\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/4.5.Nicolas-franco.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"qode-info-card-text-holder\" style=\"background-color:#fff\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"qode-info-card-text\" >\n\t\t\t\tNicol\u00e1s Mart\u00ednez Lage, NIKO. <em>Francisco Franco<\/em>, 1950-1981. Marker pen on card, 31.5 x 23.4 cm. Col\u00b7lecci\u00f3 MORERA. Museu d\u2019Art Modern i Contemporani de Lleida, 1026. Donaci\u00f3 de la Fam\u00edlia Mart\u00ednez Andrea, 1993\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>[\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1773143647144{padding-right: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;]<div class=\"qode-info-card\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"qode-info-card-image\" style=\"background-color:#fff\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/4.4.Nicolas-franco.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"qode-info-card-text-holder\" style=\"background-color:#fff\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"qode-info-card-text\" >\n\t\t\t\tNicol\u00e1s Mart\u00ednez Lage, NIKO. <em>Francisco Franco<\/em>, 1950-1981. Marker pen on card, 31.5 x 23.4 cm. Col\u00b7lecci\u00f3 MORERA. Museu d\u2019Art Modern i Contemporani de Lleida, 1026. Donaci\u00f3 de la Fam\u00edlia Mart\u00ednez Andrea, 1993\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>[\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1773143654457{padding-right: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;]<div class=\"qode-info-card\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"qode-info-card-image\" style=\"background-color:#fff\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/4.6.Nicolas-lenin.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"qode-info-card-text-holder\" style=\"background-color:#fff\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"qode-info-card-text\" >\n\t\t\t\tNicol\u00e1s Mart\u00ednez Lage, NIKO. <em>Lenin<\/em>, 1950-1981. Marker pen on card, 65,6 x 49,6 cm. Col\u00b7lecci\u00f3 MORERA. Museu d\u2019Art Modern i Contemporani de Lleida, 1026. Donaci\u00f3 de la Fam\u00edlia Mart\u00ednez Andrea, 1993\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; header_style=&#8221;light&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;no&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774433841492{padding-top: 80px !important;padding-bottom: 80px !important;background-color: #000000 !important;}&#8221; anchor=&#8221;foc_section&#8221;][vc_column][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1773225325802{padding-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11369&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; css=&#8221;&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774876607609{margin-top: 20px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda color-blanc fade-in m1-top-res color-blanc&#8221;]Toni Prim. <em>No posters. Lleida, <\/em>, 1976. Black-and-white photograph. Modern copy of the original negative, 18 x 28 cm. MORERA Collection. Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art of Lleida, 4842. Generalitat de Catalunya Collection. National Collection of Photography, 2020[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11396&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; css=&#8221;&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774875916528{margin-top: 20px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda color-blanc fade-in m1-top-res color-blanc&#8221;]Vilanova, Oriol. <em>Empire Builders<\/em>, 2009. Photographs by Jal\u00f3n \u00c1ngel, circa 1939. Lithograph on paper. 30 postcards: 14.3 x 9 cm each. MACBA Collection. MACBA Consortium. \u00a9 Oriol Vilanova 1939. Litografia sobre paper 30 postals: 14.3 x 9 cm c\/u. Col\u00b7lecci\u00f3 MACBA. Consorci MACBA \u00a9 Oriol Vilanova<\/p>\n<div id=\"gtx-trans\" style=\"position: absolute; left: -46px; top: -10px;\">\n<div class=\"gtx-trans-icon\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774433433011{margin-bottom: 120px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11389&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; css=&#8221;&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774875363685{margin-top: 20px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda color-blanc fade-in m1-top-res color-blanc&#8221;]Serenity, Lambert Escaler, 1874 &#8211; 1957, polychrome terracotta, Reg. 4223, Abell\u00f3 Museum Mollet del Vall\u00e8s 4223. Museu Abell\u00f3 . Mollet del Vall\u00e8s<\/p>\n<div id=\"gtx-trans\" style=\"position: absolute; left: 48px; top: -10px;\">\n<div class=\"gtx-trans-icon\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11383&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; css=&#8221;&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774876562739{margin-top: 20px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda color-blanc fade-in m1-top-res color-blanc&#8221;]Primitivo Mart\u00edn. Mao Aspirin, 1979. Photograph taken inside a plastic aspirin pack, 1.8 x 1.8 cm. MORERA Collection. Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art of Lleida, 4438<br \/>\nDonated by Luc\u00eda Mart\u00edn Carrero, 2019<br \/>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11386&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; css=&#8221;&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1778666348906{margin-top: 20px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda color-blanc fade-in m1-top-res color-blanc&#8221;]Evarist Vall\u00e8s. <em>Nadal 71734 (Christmas 71734)<\/em>, 1965. Mixed media. ME 1609<br \/>\nMuseu de l\u2019Empord\u00e0[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;no&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774348099233{background: #000000 url(https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/sessiopobresa.jpg?id=11398) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: contain !important;}&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; el_class=&#8221;background-top-center&#8221;][vc_column][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1773393915131{margin-top: 0px !important;padding-top: 120px !important;padding-bottom: 80px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;]<div class=\"comissionariat-title color-blanco orientation-false\" style=\"\" id=\"exercising-power-power-and-charity\">\n        <h2 class=\"fade-in\">EXERCISING POWER. POWER AND CHARITY<\/h2><\/div>[vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1773225947567{margin-top: 24px !important;margin-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;font-gran color-blanc fade-in&#8221;]The highest expression of power is wealth, in other words economic, ostentation. It is in luxury, in inequality, where power takes shape. For example, in the decoration of palaces and churches. Apart from that, economic excess is not easy to find in art history, especially in the contemporary era.<\/p>\n<p>In contrast, there are many images that represent the other side of wealth: poverty, fulfilling Samuel Beckett\u2019s phrase \u201cTo him who has nothing it is forbidden not to relish filth\u201d. Another thematic expression of wealth is charity. Charity can only be understood based on societal inequality: those who have sloughed off some of their excess.<\/p>\n<p>Art has often resorted to poverty (and to charity), but rarely have the poor been the ones to represent themselves.<\/p>\n<div id=\"gtx-trans\" style=\"position: absolute; left: 353px; top: 182px;\">\n<div class=\"gtx-trans-icon\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1778673177461{margin-bottom: 60px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda color-blanc fade-in&#8221;]Josep Sancho Piqu\u00e9.<em> Christian charity<\/em>, 1898, oil on canvas. MAMT NIG 163 Museu d\u2019Art Modern de Tarragona[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1769682637810{padding-top: 80px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11403&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1773226836292{margin-bottom: 36px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1778673487145{padding-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda color-blanc&#8221;]Bernat Martorell, <em>Saint Lucy giving alms<\/em>, circa 1435. National Museum of Art of Catalonia, Antonio Gallardo Ballart Collection, 2015, Public domain[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11406&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1773226856850{margin-bottom: 36px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1778763436205{padding-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda color-blanc&#8221;]Clemente Salazar. Bohemio (Bohemian), 1926. Oil on canvas, 195 x 96 cm. MORERA Collection. Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art of Lleida, 0315<br \/>\nDonated by Clemente Salazar, 1926[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11409&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1773226920441{margin-bottom: 36px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1778673368463{padding-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda color-blanc&#8221;]Alexander Fisher, <em>La Caritat (Charity)<\/em>, 1907, enamel on metal. MADB 1593 Museu del Disseny-DHub[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11412&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1773226964964{margin-bottom: 36px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1778673526127{padding-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda color-blanc&#8221;]Feliu Elias, <em>Christian charity<\/em>, 1910. National Museum of Art of Catalonia, Acquired from the Agell Collection, 1963, \u00a9 The author or their heirs[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1769682637810{padding-top: 80px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11415&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1773227238032{margin-bottom: 36px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1778673194488{padding-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda color-blanc&#8221;]Josep Sancho Piqu\u00e9. <em>Comiendo de basuras (Eating Rubbish)<\/em>, 1942, ink and pencil drawing on white paper. MAMT NIG 903, Museu d\u2019Art Modern de Tarragona<\/p>\n<div id=\"gtx-trans\" style=\"position: absolute; left: 259px; top: 166px;\">\n<div class=\"gtx-trans-icon\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11418&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1773227265986{margin-bottom: 36px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1778673501452{padding-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda color-blanc&#8221;]Isidre Nonell, <em>Two gypsies<\/em>, 1903. National Museum of Art of Catalonia, Acquired from the Plandiura collection, 1932, Public domain[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11421&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1773227302221{margin-bottom: 36px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774875562040{padding-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda color-blanc&#8221;]Abad, Francesc. The Boot Camp. 2004. Various materials. Different sizes MACBA Collection. MACBA Consortium. Donated by the artist \u00a9 Francesc Abad, VEGAP, Barcelona \u00a9 Photograph: Joan Roca de Vi\u00f1als[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774434085854{padding-top: 80px !important;padding-bottom: 120px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11786&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774434050311{margin-bottom: 36px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1778673540479{padding-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda color-blanc&#8221;]Josep Bernat Flaugier, <em>A saint gives alms,<\/em> circa 1800-1812. National Museum of Art of Catalonia, Bequeathed by Francesc Esteve Sans, 1907, 1907, Public domain[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11433&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1773227621533{margin-bottom: 20px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774876418588{padding-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda color-blanc&#8221;]Ton Sirera. El Canyeret, Lleida, c. 1950. Black-and-white photograph, period reproduction, 30 x 40 cm. MORERA Collection. Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art of Lleida, 3490. Donated by Pere Sirera, 2013 \u00a9Arxiu Ton Sirera, Lleida.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; header_style=&#8221;light&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;no&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; bg_type=&#8221;grad&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1770799622189{padding-top: 120px !important;padding-bottom: 94px !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#B3B3B300&#8243; bg_grad=&#8221;background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%, #E3E3E3), color-stop(100%, #FFFFFF));background: -moz-linear-gradient(top,#E3E3E3 0%,#FFFFFF 100%);background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top,#E3E3E3 0%,#FFFFFF 100%);background: -o-linear-gradient(top,#E3E3E3 0%,#FFFFFF 100%);background: -ms-linear-gradient(top,#E3E3E3 0%,#FFFFFF 100%);background: linear-gradient(top,#E3E3E3 0%,#FFFFFF 100%);&#8221;][vc_column][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1773239566081{padding-bottom: 00px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;]<div class=\"comissionariat-title color-negro orientation-false\" style=\"\" id=\"the-tools-of-power-the-police\">\n        <h2 class=\"fade-in\">THE TOOLS OF POWER. THE POLICE<\/h2><\/div>[vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774434239052{margin-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;font-gran fade-in width-80&#8243;]The visual representation of the police, of all the police in the world, of all that those in power call \u201cthe forces of order\u201d, does not evoke the same reaction among those who view them. Everything depends on the ideological predisposition of the observer. Here we need to keep in mind the warning raised by the French philosopher Jacques Ranci\u00e8re: in order to see injustice in an image, that is, in a representation, the individual must previously be aware of that injustice in real life.<\/p>\n<p>Those who do not see unjust repression in the works of Eul\u00e0lia Grau or Esther Remacha; those who are not made uncomfortable by a police raid depicted in the late 19th century; those who don\u2019t grow numb by the mounted guards of Samarra, just to name a few, will all have a viewpoint where art takes precedence over life. The photograph by Paula Art\u00e9s of a Spanish Guardia Civil police station places us in the ambivalence of the image: it may be co-opted by ideologies on the farthest right of the spectrum. No, images don\u2019t speak for themselves.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11438&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1773227955686{margin-bottom: 10px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1778673560104{padding-bottom: 10px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda&#8221;]Josep Llu\u00eds Pellicer,<em> Police search<\/em>, 1886. National Museum of Art of Catalonia, Acquisition of the Casellas collection, 1911, Public domain[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1769682637810{padding-top: 80px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11449&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774274929731{margin-bottom: 10px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774876096791{padding-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda&#8221;]Antoni Samarra. <em>Guards<\/em>, circa 1913.<br \/>\n1913. Charcoal on paper, 21 x 31 cm. MORERA Collection. Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art of Lleida, 0347. Donated by Francisca and Maria Samarra, 1929[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11452&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1773229022095{margin-bottom: 10px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774875871767{padding-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda&#8221;]Grau, Eul\u00e0lia. <em>Public Order<\/em>, 1978. Offset printing on paper. 88.5 x 63.5 cm<br \/>\nMACBA Collection. MACBA Consortium. Artist\u2019s collection. \u00a9 Eul\u00e0lia Grau, VEGAP, Barcelona<\/p>\n<div id=\"gtx-trans\" style=\"position: absolute; left: 205px; top: 38px;\">\n<div class=\"gtx-trans-icon\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1769682637810{padding-top: 80px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11789&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; css=&#8221;&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774875380681{padding-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda&#8221;]<em>Mannequin head with Civil Guard tricorn<\/em> 4604. Museu Abell\u00f3. Mollet del Vall\u00e8s[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11444&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; css=&#8221;&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774876694294{padding-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda&#8221;]Paula Art\u00e9s. <em>Law Enforcement Agencies: 41\u00ba24\u201920.9\u2019\u2019N 2\u00ba09\u201952.5\u2019\u2019E<\/em>, 2016. Colour photograph, 47 x 40 cm. MORERA Collection. Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art of Lleida, 4877<br \/>\nGeneralitat de Catalunya Collection. National Collection of Photography, 2021<br \/>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1773230931469{padding-top: 60px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11578&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774256546852{margin-bottom: 10px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774876889606{padding-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda&#8221;]Esther Remacha.<em> Fighters of the land 3<\/em>, 1976-1977. Fotografia en blanc i negre, 30 x 40 cm. Col\u00b7lecci\u00f3 MORERA. Museu d\u2019Art Modern i Contemporani de Lleida, 5022. Dip\u00f2sit de la Generalitat de Catalunya. Col\u00b7lecci\u00f3 Nacional de Fotografia, 2022[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11441&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; css=&#8221;&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1778682186609{padding-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda&#8221;]Francesc Catal\u00e0-Roca, &#8220;<em>Publicitat Barcelona<\/em>&#8220;, 1953. Museu de Valls[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;no&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774435421106{background: #000000 url(https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/preso-bg-4.jpg?id=11806) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: contain !important;}&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; el_class=&#8221;background-top-center&#8221;][vc_column][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1773393915131{margin-top: 0px !important;padding-top: 120px !important;padding-bottom: 80px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;]<div class=\"comissionariat-title color-blanco orientation-false\" style=\"\" id=\"the-tools-of-power-prison\">\n        <h2 class=\"fade-in\">THE TOOLS OF POWER. PRISON<\/h2><\/div>[vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774434979814{margin-top: 24px !important;margin-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;font-gran color-blanc fade-in&#8221;]Prison is a coercive instrument that all powers have utilised. And still use today. It is a punitive device where an individual is deprived of their liberty.<\/p>\n<p>In its visual representation, however, there are certain, often romantic, readings of the tragedy that imprisonment entails: we can recall Piranesi&#8217;s engravings (or the <em>Prisoners Round<\/em> by Van Gogh which reinterpreted a previous engraving by Gustave Dor\u00e9). Mari\u00e0 Fortuny and Enric C. Ricart also gave a sugar-coated vision of the life of a prisoner. Art has often aestheticized repression, the punishment inflicted by power, as in the \u201cexecuted\u201d by Josep Sancho.<\/p>\n<p>However, the existence of prisoners (especially, political prisoners) has been seen from apparently committed positions, as demonstrated by Camil F\u00e0bregas\u2019s homage to an unknown political prisoner, most likely crafted to take part in the international <em>Unknown Political Prisoner<\/em> contest held by the Tate in London, or the triptych <em>The Hope of a Condemned Man<\/em> by Joan Mir\u00f3, which pays homage to the anarchist Salvador Puig Antich.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1778673576545{margin-bottom: 40px !important;padding-left: 20px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda color-blanc width-80 fade-in&#8221;]Giovanni Battista Piranesi, <em>Prison<\/em>, circa 1760. National Museum of Art of Catalonia, Contribution from the Barcelona Provincial Council, 1906, Public domain[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774435549401{padding-bottom: 80px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1773240770463{padding-right: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11810&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774435531250{margin-bottom: 15px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1778673597626{margin-bottom: 40px !important;padding-left: 20px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda color-blanc width-80 fade-in&#8221;]Josep Planella, <em>Inside a prison<\/em>, circa 1840-1886. National Museum of Art of Catalonia, Bequeathed by Francesc Esteve Sans, 1907, 1907, Public domain[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1773240757292{padding-right: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11813&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774435525501{margin-bottom: 15px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1778675476524{margin-right: 20px !important;margin-bottom: 40px !important;padding-left: 20px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda color-blanc width-80 fade-in&#8221;]Mari\u00e0 Fortuny, <em>Prisoner in prison \/ Scene Fragment and Other Sketches<\/em>, circa 1856-1858. 1856-1858. National Museum of Art of Catalonia, Bequeathed by Francesc Esteve Sans, 1907, 1907, Public domain[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1773240726127{padding-right: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11470&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774435436125{margin-bottom: 15px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1778666265505{margin-bottom: 40px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda color-blanc width-80 fade-in&#8221;]Josep Casanovas Clerch. <em>Turment d&#8217;un presoner<\/em>, last quarter of the 19th century Oil on canvas, 1.97 x 2.75 m. Inventory no. 948.<br \/>\n948. Museu d\u2019Art de Sabadell[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11804&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774435108656{margin-bottom: 15px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1778673208654{padding-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda fade-in color-blanc&#8221;]Josep Sancho Piqu\u00e9. <em>Mirando a los ajusticiados (Looking at the Executed)<\/em>, 1897, charcoal on paper. MAMT NIG 239, Museu d\u2019Art Modern de Tarragona[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11590&#8243; img_size=&#8221;large&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774271420432{margin-bottom: 15px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1773241797291{margin-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda color-blanc width-80 fade-in&#8221;]Claude Arvaud Moisson, Retrat del fil\u00f3sof franc\u00e8s R. Brasillach, (c. 1944), Museu de Valls.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774271427149{padding-bottom: 80px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11600&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774256931586{margin-bottom: 15px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1778681575007{margin-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda color-blanc width-80 fade-in&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Camil Fa\u0300bregas Dalmau. <em>Project for a monument to the unknown political prisoner<\/em>, 1945. Wood and stone, 51x30x30 cm\/ pedestal 30&#215;30 cm. Inventory no.: 1930.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11606&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774257292825{margin-bottom: 15px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1778681578556{margin-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda color-blanc width-80 fade-in&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Carlos Gim\u00e9nez. <em>Spain, One, Great and Free (Prison Fodder, Original 1)<\/em>, 990. Chinese ink on card, 45.7 x 33 cm. MORERA Collection. Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art of Lleida, 5015.01. Generalitat de Catalunya Collection. National Collection of Cartoon and Illustration, 2022<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11596&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774256843569{margin-bottom: 15px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1778681581602{margin-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda color-blanc width-80 fade-in&#8221;]C. Ricart. <em>Life is a dream<\/em>. Museu V\u00edctor Balaguer[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774436167733{padding-bottom: 120px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1773240770463{padding-right: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11609&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774257332651{margin-bottom: 15px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1778666120481{margin-bottom: 40px !important;padding-left: 20px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda color-blanc width-80 fade-in&#8221;]Joan Mir\u00f3. <em>L\u2019esperan\u00e7a del condemnat a mort I (The Hope of a Condemned Man I)<\/em>, 9 February 1974, acrylic on canvas. \u00a9 Fundaci\u00f3 Joan Mir\u00f3, Barcelona[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1773240757292{padding-right: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11612&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774257338693{margin-bottom: 15px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1778666126723{margin-bottom: 40px !important;padding-left: 20px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda color-blanc width-80 fade-in&#8221;]Joan Mir\u00f3. <em>L\u2019esperan\u00e7a del condemnat a mort II (The Hope of a Condemned Man II)<\/em>, 9 February 1974, acrylic on canvas. \u00a9 Fundaci\u00f3 Joan Mir\u00f3, Barcelona[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1773240726127{padding-right: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11615&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774257455721{margin-bottom: 15px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1778666132675{margin-bottom: 40px !important;padding-left: 20px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda color-blanc width-80 fade-in&#8221;]Joan Mir\u00f3. <em>L\u2019esperan\u00e7a del condemnat a mort III (The Hope of a Condemned Man III)<\/em>, 9 February 1974, acrylic on canvas. \u00a9 Fundaci\u00f3 Joan Mir\u00f3, Barcelona[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; header_style=&#8221;light&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;no&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; bg_type=&#8221;grad&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774436126432{padding-bottom: 94px !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#B3B3B300&#8243; bg_grad=&#8221;background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%, #E3E3E3), color-stop(100%, #FFFFFF));background: -moz-linear-gradient(top,#E3E3E3 0%,#FFFFFF 100%);background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top,#E3E3E3 0%,#FFFFFF 100%);background: -o-linear-gradient(top,#E3E3E3 0%,#FFFFFF 100%);background: -ms-linear-gradient(top,#E3E3E3 0%,#FFFFFF 100%);background: linear-gradient(top,#E3E3E3 0%,#FFFFFF 100%);&#8221;][vc_column][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774436155455{padding-top: 120px !important;padding-right: 20px !important;padding-bottom: 20px !important;padding-left: 20px !important;background: #000000 url(https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/guerra_2.jpg?id=11821) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774876486387{margin-top: 600px !important;padding-bottom: 40px !important;padding-left: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda fade-in color-blanc&#8221;]Agust\u00ed Centelles. <em>Untitled (Bombing of Lleida, cemetery trees),<\/em> 1937. Black-and-white photograph, 23 x 34 cm. MORERA Collection. Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art of Lleida, 4332. MECD, CDMH, Centelles Archive, 2017<br \/>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774435655985{padding-top: 120px !important;padding-bottom: 80px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;]<div class=\"comissionariat-title color-negro orientation-false\" style=\"\" id=\"the-tools-of-power-war\">\n        <h2 class=\"fade-in\">THE TOOLS OF POWER. WAR<\/h2><\/div>[vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1773313825645{margin-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;font-gran width-80 fade-in&#8221;]The history of visual art (from painting to cinema, from photography to virtual games) has paid special attention to wars, both real and fictional. At the same time, improbably, art makes portraits and homages to those who lead us into these wars.<\/p>\n<p>Wars are provoked and fed by institutionalised powers; the system feeds itself through combat, where the innocent always pay the price. Perhaps, now more than ever, it is here where the observer must choose a side, because the wars of the past are the wars of the present, and the victims are the same.<\/p>\n<p>The images of Agust\u00ed Centelles, given that photography offers traces of reality, are accompanied by gazes made by drawings. The reading of contemporary art (Torres, Rabascall, Solsona, and more) brings us closer to a critical reading of war based on the symbolism of art. Or perhaps not?[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11622&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774257664239{margin-bottom: 10px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774876501863{padding-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda&#8221;]Agust\u00ed Centelles. <em>Untitled (Bombing of Lleida, relatives at the cemetery)<\/em>, 1937. Black-and-white photograph, 34 x 23 cm. MORERA Collection. Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art of Lleida, 4337. MECD, CDMH, Centelles Archive, 2017<br \/>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1773392476113{padding-right: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;]<div class=\"comissionariat-card orientation-inferior color-blanco\" style=\"height: 640px; \"><div class=\"comissionariat-image background-bottom-center\" style=\"background-image: url('https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/guerra_1_2.jpg'); \"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"comissionariat-card-content-holder\">\n                <div class=\"comissionariat-card-content fade-in\">\n                    Josep Sancho Piqu\u00e9. <em>Horrors d&#8217;una guerra: &#8220;La gresca de la revoluci\u00f3 1936<\/em>&#8221; (Horrors of War: \u2018The Turmoil of the 1936 Revolution\u2019), ink drawing on white paper. MAMT NIG 894, Museu d\u2019Art Modern de Tarragona\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"comissionariat-card-caption llegenda fade-in\">\n                   <p> <\/p>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774435587685{padding-right: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;]<div class=\"comissionariat-card orientation-inferior color-blanco\" style=\"height: 640px; \"><div class=\"comissionariat-image background-right-center\" style=\"background-image: url('https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/guerra_2-2.jpg'); \"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"comissionariat-card-content-holder\">\n                <div class=\"comissionariat-card-content fade-in\">\n                    Ismael Smith, <em>Allegory of the First World War, <\/em>circa 1918-1919. National Museum of Art of Catalonia, Donated by the artist, 1955, \u00a9 The author or his heirs\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"comissionariat-card-caption llegenda fade-in\">\n                   <p> <\/p>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1769682637810{padding-top: 80px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11631&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774257955087{margin-bottom: 10px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1778673113356{padding-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda&#8221;]Josep Bartol\u00ed. <em>Les cues de la guerra (Wartime Queues)<\/em>, c.1939, ink on paper. ME 1294<br \/>\nMuseu de l\u2019Empord\u00e0[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11634&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774257965065{margin-bottom: 10px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1778675460947{padding-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda&#8221;]Josep Llu\u00eds Pellicer, <em>Taking the Centinela Pass,<\/em> 1876. National Museum of Art of Catalonia, Acquisition, 1908, Public domain[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1773393835695{padding-top: 80px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/12&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;5\/12&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11757&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774270928476{margin-bottom: 10px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774875771232{padding-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda&#8221;]Rabascall, Joan. <em>Atomic <\/em>Kiss, 1968. Acrylic on canvas. 162 x 97 cm<br \/>\nMACBA Collection. Barcelona City Council Collection. \u00a9 Joan Rabascall, VEGAP, Barcelona<br \/>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;5\/12&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11643&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774258035697{margin-bottom: 10px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774875685309{padding-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda&#8221;]Solsona, Alberto. <em>The Art of War,<\/em> 1973, Acrylic on canvas, 116 x 89 x 1.5 cm. MACBA Collection. MACBA Consortium. Donated by the Almela-Solsona Foundation<br \/>\n\u00a9 Fundaci\u00f3n Almela-Solsona<br \/>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/12&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774350201157{padding-top: 80px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11826&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774436459364{margin-bottom: 10px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774875791471{padding-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda&#8221;]Torres, Francesc, <em>Newsweek Series #14<\/em>. 1991, Photography using bleached polyester<br \/>\nLeaflet 170 x 375 cm. MACBA Collection. Barcelona City Council Collection. Donated by Rafael Tous. \u00a9 Francesc Torres, VEGAP, Barcelona<\/p>\n<div id=\"gtx-trans\" style=\"position: absolute; left: -72px; top: -10px;\">\n<div class=\"gtx-trans-icon\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11646&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774258042749{margin-bottom: 10px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1778666172219{padding-bottom: 40px !important;padding-left: 20px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda&#8221;]Eneko Las Heras. <em>Di\u00e1logo vs guerra (Dialogue vs War)<\/em>, 2007. Digital print. ME 2883 Museu de l\u2019Empord\u00e0[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11649&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774258049604{margin-bottom: 10px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1778675496210{padding-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda&#8221;]Josep Badosa, <em>The glorious Republican Air Force, so brilliantly active on all fronts,<\/em> 1936. National Museum of Art of Catalonia, Acquisition, 2011, Public domain[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11652&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774258055576{margin-bottom: 10px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1778673290241{padding-right: 20px !important;padding-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda&#8221;]Jaume Sol\u00e9, <em>Retaule Homenatge a Sarajevo (Tribute to Sarajevo Altarpiece)<\/em>, 1993, mixed media and collage on a wooden frame. MAMT NIG 4047, Museu d\u2019Art Modern de Tarragona[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;no&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774258125316{background: #000000 url(https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/2.Miquel-Viladrich.velazquez.jpg?id=11654) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: contain !important;}&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; el_class=&#8221;background-top-center&#8221;][vc_column][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1773393915131{margin-top: 0px !important;padding-top: 120px !important;padding-bottom: 80px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;]<div class=\"comissionariat-title color-blanco orientation-false\" style=\"\" id=\"the-tools-of-power-art\">\n        <h2 class=\"fade-in\">THE TOOLS OF POWER. ART<\/h2><\/div>[vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1773393945835{margin-top: 24px !important;margin-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;font-gran color-blanc fade-in&#8221;]Marxist theory has already made it clear that religion, philosophy and art were the ideological superstructures that supported class society, i.e. the dominion of some over others. Put another way: the economic structure generates inequality.<\/p>\n<p>Power has always utilised art to justify its own power: those supposedly majestic depictions (equestrian portraits are the utmost expression of the powerful\u2019s self-complacency and how they use servile artists), religious scenes that seek to spread fear among parishioners, the supposed glamour of everything that has to do with art and so on.<\/p>\n<p>This paradigm started to come under questioning in the 19th century. However, the capitalist system has devoured it all. In their halls, museums house both the art created to exalt the glory of the powerful, as well as works that have been created to oppose them.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774876052234{padding-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda fade-in color-blanc&#8221;]Miquel Viladrich. <em>The Count-Duke of Olivares<\/em>, 1908. Oil on canvas, 154 x 156 cm.<br \/>\nMORERA Collection. Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art of Lleida, 0326<br \/>\nOrigin unknown<br \/>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774258433581{padding-bottom: 80px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774258467044{padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11658&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774258408802{margin-bottom: 15px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1778675521005{margin-right: 20px !important;margin-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda color-blanc width-80 fade-in&#8221;]Mestre de Ta\u00fcll, <em>Apse of Sant Climent de Ta\u00fcll<\/em>, c. 1123. National Museum of Art of Catalonia, Acquired from the Board of Museums in the 1919\u20131923 campaign, Public domain<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774258462958{padding-right: 0px !important;}&#8221;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11661&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774258415088{margin-bottom: 15px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1778675573177{margin-bottom: 40px !important;padding-left: 20px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda color-blanc width-80 fade-in&#8221;]Joan Ferrer Mir\u00f3, <em>Public exhibition of a painting<\/em>. circa 1888. National Museum of Art of Catalonia, Contribution from the Barcelona Provincial Council, 1906, Public domain[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1773313451095{padding-bottom: 80px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;5\/12&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11676&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; css=&#8221;&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1778675590350{margin-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda color-blanc width-80 fade-in&#8221;]Josep Llu\u00eds Pellicer, <em>1787 Art Exhibition<\/em>, Second half of the 19th century. National Museum of Art of Catalonia, Acquired from the \u201cExposici\u00f3 Pellicer\u201d in Barcelona, 1902, Public domain[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;3\/12&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11667&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774258878771{margin-bottom: 15px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1778675600568{margin-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda color-blanc width-80 fade-in&#8221;]Ramon Mart\u00ed i Alsina, <em>An exhibition hall,<\/em> 1878. National Museum of Art of Catalonia, Acquisition of the Casellas collection, 1911, Public domain[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;4\/12&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11670&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774258885585{margin-bottom: 15px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1778666195025{margin-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda color-blanc width-80 fade-in&#8221;]Jos\u00e9 Gonz\u00e1lez Bande. <em>El cam\u00ed de la gl\u00f2ria art\u00edstica (The Path to Artistic Glory)<\/em>, 1885, oil on canvas. ME 638 \/ Loaned from the Museo Nacional del Prado. Museu de l\u2019Empord\u00e0[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774259536252{padding-right: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11689&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774259998146{margin-bottom: 15px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774876365122{margin-bottom: 40px !important;padding-left: 20px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda color-blanc width-80 fade-in&#8221;]Antoni Garcia Lamolla. <em>Poster<\/em>, c. 1936. Tempera on paper, 59 x 37.5 cm. MORERA Collection. Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art of Lleida, 1513. Donated by Francisco Crist\u00f2fol, 1999[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774259542824{padding-right: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11692&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774259992894{margin-bottom: 15px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774875497405{margin-bottom: 40px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda color-blanc width-80 fade-in&#8221;]Club<br \/>\n49 (Group of artists), Borr\u00e0s, Maria Llu\u00efsa, G<em>omis-Prats\u2019 Magic Lantern: a Photoscop projection: a visit to the Mir\u00f3 exhibition at the Tate Gallery in London, organised by Roland Penrose<\/em>, 1965, 15.8 x 12.7 cm, MACBA Collection. Research and Documentation Centre Maria Llu\u00efsa Borr\u00e0s Archive<br \/>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774260140672{padding-right: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11685&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774259653300{margin-bottom: 15px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774875715833{margin-bottom: 40px !important;padding-right: 20px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda color-blanc width-80 fade-in&#8221;]Xifra, Jaume. <em>Artwork not yet recognised,<\/em> 1967, Brick and iron mounted on a canvas and wood frame, 74 x 63 x 7 cm. MACBA Collection. Barcelona City Council Collection. \u00a9 Jaume Xifra, VEGAP, Barcelona<br \/>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774344462523{margin-bottom: 120px !important;padding-top: 80px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/12&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;10\/12&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11695&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774260090431{margin-bottom: 10px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1778673406667{padding-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda fade-in color-blanc&#8221;]Perejaume, <em>Migdia a Valls<\/em>, 2009. Museu de Valls.<\/p>\n<div id=\"gtx-trans\" style=\"position: absolute; left: -72px; top: -10px;\">\n<div class=\"gtx-trans-icon\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/12&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;no&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1778666466372{background-image: url(https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/1.Antoni-Estruch.-Una-manifestacio\u0301-obrera-_-Manifestacio\u0301.jpg?id=11698) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: contain !important;}&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; el_class=&#8221;background-top-center&#8221;][vc_column][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1778666460600{margin-top: 0px !important;padding-top: 120px !important;padding-bottom: 110px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;]<div class=\"comissionariat-title color-blanco orientation-false\" style=\"\" id=\"opposition-to-power\">\n        <h2 class=\"fade-in\">OPPOSITION TO POWER<\/h2><\/div>[vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774345259126{margin-top: 24px !important;margin-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;font-gran color-blanc fade-in&#8221;]Those who have held power throughout history have not given licence to show opposition to their reign: if dissident visual culture does exist it is because, at a specific moment, a critical gaze was permissible. Or perhaps it had lived in clandestine spaces and was later co-opted by institutions, including museums.<\/p>\n<p>Art is ideology. Or put another way, museums are not neutral. Once again, everything ends up depending on the observer\u2019s gaze, which is necessarily suspicious, attentive to all kinds of manipulations that are carried out by means of representations.<\/p>\n<p>Catalan art museums are full of works that need to be interpreted to know which side of democracy they are on. Shall we give it a go?[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1778673415554{padding-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda fade-in color-blanc&#8221;]Antoni Estruch. <em>A workers&#8217; demonstration \/ Manifestation for the Republic<\/em>, 1904. Oil s. cloth, 141\u20195 x 201\u20195 cm. N\u00fam. d\u2019inv.: 1104. Museu d\u2019Art de Sabadell[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1778666455263{margin-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1773392476113{padding-right: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;]<div class=\"comissionariat-card orientation-inferior color-blanco\" style=\"height: 640px; \"><div class=\"comissionariat-image background-center-center\" style=\"background-image: url('https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/2.Cardona-Torrandell-manifestacio\u0301_3.jpg'); \"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"comissionariat-card-content-holder\">\n                <div class=\"comissionariat-card-content fade-in\">\n                    Cardona Torrendell. <em>Protest<\/em>, 1968. Biblioteca-Museu V\u00edctor Balaguer\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"comissionariat-card-caption llegenda fade-in\">\n                   <p> <\/p>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1773392470065{padding-right: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;]<div class=\"comissionariat-card orientation-inferior color-blanco\" style=\"height: 640px; \"><div class=\"comissionariat-image background-center-center\" style=\"background-image: url('https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/3.JOAN-ABELLO\u0301-LA-DIADA-1977_3.jpg'); \"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"comissionariat-card-content-holder\">\n                <div class=\"comissionariat-card-content fade-in\">\n                    <em>The Day of the Catalan National Flag<\/em>, 1977, Joan Abell\u00f3 i Prat, 1922-2008, oil on canvas<br \/>\nReg. D-0003, The Abell\u00f3 family. Abell\u00f3 Museum Mollet del Vall\u00e8s<br \/>\n\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"comissionariat-card-caption llegenda fade-in\">\n                   <p> <\/p>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774437079399{padding-right: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;]<div class=\"comissionariat-card orientation-inferior color-blanco\" style=\"height: 640px; \"><div class=\"comissionariat-image background-center-center\" style=\"background-image: url('https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/4.Loposicio\u0301_4_Edo_3.jpg'); \"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"comissionariat-card-content-holder\">\n                <div class=\"comissionariat-card-content fade-in\">\n                    Manuel Edo Mosquera, <em>Miners<\/em>, circa 1937. National Museum of Art of Catalonia, from the \u201cQuarterly Fine Arts Exhibition\u201d, Barcelona, 1938, \u00a9 The author or their heirs\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"comissionariat-card-caption llegenda fade-in\">\n                   <p> <\/p>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774437103001{padding-right: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;]<div class=\"comissionariat-card orientation-inferior color-blanco\" style=\"height: 640px; \"><div class=\"comissionariat-image background-center-center\" style=\"background-image: url('https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/9.Joan-Rabascall.-Cultura-de-la-se\u0300rie-Spain-is-different-1975.-MACBA_3.jpg'); \"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"comissionariat-card-content-holder\">\n                <div class=\"comissionariat-card-content fade-in\">\n                    <br \/>\nRabascall, Joan. <em>Culture (from the \u201cSpain is different\u201d series)<\/em> 1975 Photographic emulsion on canvas 102 x 102 x 3 cm MACBA Collection. MACBA Foundation \u00a9 Joan Rabascall, VEGAP, Barcelona<br \/>\n\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"comissionariat-card-caption llegenda fade-in\">\n                   <p> <\/p>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774261156859{padding-top: 80px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11841&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; css=&#8221;&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774263619106{padding-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda&#8221;]Miquel Garc\u00eda Membrado. <em>53 Revolutions<\/em>. Museu d\u2019Art Modern de Tarragona[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11715&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774261641072{margin-bottom: 10px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1778763399443{padding-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda&#8221;]N\u00faria G\u00fcell. <em>Stateless by choice<\/em>, 2015-2016. Colour photograph, 148.7 x 42 cm. MORERA Collection. Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art of Lleida, 4324. Generalitat de Catalunya Collection. National Collection of Contemporary Art, 2018[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11718&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774261649535{margin-bottom: 10px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774876530188{padding-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda&#8221;]Primitivo Mart\u00edn. Mao Trilogy, 1979. Photo montage, 9 x 15 cm. MORERA Collection. Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art of Lleida, 4413. Donated by Luc\u00eda Mart\u00edn Carrero, 2019<br \/>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774344511924{padding-top: 80px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11721&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774262284047{margin-bottom: 10px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774876652240{padding-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda&#8221;]Toni Prim. <em>First referendum. <\/em>Black-and-white photograph. Modern copy of the original negative, 18 x 28 cm.<br \/>\nMORERA Collection. Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art of Lleida, 4840<br \/>\nGeneralitat de Catalunya Collection. National Collection of Photography, 2020[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11724&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774262291092{margin-bottom: 10px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774876442447{padding-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda&#8221;]Alfons L\u00f3pez. <em>Nuclear power stations, El Papus <\/em>, 1979. Chinese ink on paper, 16.3 x 26 cm. MORERA Collection. Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art of Lleida, 4012. Donated by Alfons L\u00f3pez, 2016[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774263771722{padding-top: 80px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11712&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774261133328{margin-bottom: 10px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1778675657916{padding-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda&#8221;]J. Pons, <em>Lina \u00d3dena<\/em>, 1937. National Museum of Art of Catalonia, From the \u201cInternational Exhibition\u201d, Paris, 1937, \u00a9 The author or their heirs[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11742&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774263307204{margin-bottom: 10px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1778666304391{padding-bottom: 40px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda&#8221;]Daniel Argimon. <em>Cartel para la revoluci\u00f3n (Poster for the Revolution)<\/em>, 1971, oil on canvas. ME1440 Museu de l\u2019Empord\u00e0[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11736&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774263312622{margin-bottom: 10px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774876772122{padding-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda&#8221;]Alfons L\u00f3pez. <em>I&#8217;m in a permanent \u201ccamp\u201d in some places<\/em>, 1971. Collage and ink on card, 25.7 x 20.5 cm. MORERA Collection. Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art of Lleida, 4983<br \/>\nDonated by Alfons L\u00f3pez, 2022[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11739&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774263317961{margin-bottom: 10px !important;}&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1778843903707{padding-right: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;llegenda&#8221;]Francesc Vidal, <em>sense t\u00edtol [Contra l\u2019abocador de For\u00e8s]<\/em>, c. 1990, Museu de Valls.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774262402721{padding-top: 80px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;no&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; bg_type=&#8221;bg_color&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; bg_color_value=&#8221;#000000&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1746632125762{background-color: #000000 !important;}&#8221; anchor=&#8221;hero&#8221;][vc_column][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;368px&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221; el_class=&#8221;color-blanc m3-bottom-res&#8221;] Nothing is as it seems [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; 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