{"id":4673,"date":"2023-06-01T16:18:46","date_gmt":"2023-06-01T14:18:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/som-qui-som-som-com-som\/"},"modified":"2024-07-25T09:15:44","modified_gmt":"2024-07-25T07:15:44","slug":"som-qui-som-som-com-som","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/en\/som-qui-som-som-com-som\/","title":{"rendered":"We Are Who We Are, We Are What We Are"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;yes&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;no&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; row_negative_margin=&#8221;disable_negative_margin&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#337581&#8243; padding_bottom=&#8221;0&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1687424528057{background: rgba(10,10,10,0.01) url(https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/portada.jpg?id=4149) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;*background-color: rgb(10,10,10) !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;172px&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1686818182802{padding-right: 0px !important;padding-left: px !important;}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"text-intro\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">We Are Who We Are, We Are What We Are<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1686818194907{padding-left: 5px !important;}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Curators: Pere Parramon and Laura Cornejo<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Queer Aesthetics and Dissidences in the XMAC museums<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;152px&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;yes&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;yes&#8221; angled_section_position=&#8221;top&#8221; angled_section_direction=&#8221;from_left_to_right&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; el_id=&#8221;menu&#8221;][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;82px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"second-title\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Index<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;82px&#8221;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221; el_class=&#8221;enllacos&#8221; transition_delay=&#8221;30&#8243;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]<a href=\"#intro\">Introduction. The who and the how<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#expressions\">Expressions of dissidence<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#estarrufar\">Strutting one\u2019s stuff<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#atansarse\">Approaching the other side<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#com\">How is desire represented?<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#amigues\">Particular friends<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]<a href=\"#construccio\">Construction of the lesbian identity <\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#gais\">Gays showing off<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#zeus\">Zeus goes cruising<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#academies\">Academies for not very academic views<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#cos\">The eroticised male body <\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#sant\">Saint Sebastian, a queer icon <\/a>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]<a href=\"#ulleres\">Coloured glasses<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#sida\">AIDS <\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#rosa\">Pink, let the love be there<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#epileg\">Epilogue: vindication, enjoyment and visibility<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;172px&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=&#8221;element_from_right&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;yes&#8221; angled_section_position=&#8221;top&#8221; angled_section_direction=&#8221;from_right_to_left&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; el_id=&#8221;intro&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1687424552328{padding-right: 10px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"second-title\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Introduction. The who and the how<\/h2>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;18px&#8221;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner el_class=&#8221;subralla&#8221; width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">Affective, sexual and gender diversity is part of our nature. In the same way, art, as the most profoundly human expression possible, cannot fail to embody this wealth. Based on works from the collections of the Xarxa de Museus d&#8217;Art de Catalunya (XMAC), this exhibition celebrates the plurality of the ways of loving, desiring, feeling and thinking in aesthetic manifestations.<\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">This 17<sup>th<\/sup>-century piece of furniture with Saints Cosmas and Damian serves as a metaphor to conceptualise the expression to &#8220;come out of the closet&#8221;, used to designate the act of making one\u2019s same-gender relationship public. Taking advantage of the presence in the Catalan art collections of lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transgender, intersex and queer people, or those with any other sexual orientation or gender identity \u2013the acronym LGTBIQ+ encompasses them all\u2013 the exhibition itinerary identifies some of the ways in which they are evident or symbolise challenges to heteronormativity.<\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">Each of the areas proposed in this exhibition invites us to contemplate with different eyes the pieces collected in the XMAC and to read the multiplicity of nuances within a multifaceted reality that is constantly being revised. Thus, the exhibition itinerary integrates the visibilities of the affective and identity diversity offered by the works themselves \u2013represented according to the determining factors of their contexts\u2013 and, at the same time, the views that can be superimposed on them, those that are not limited to the mere perceptive act, but project onto it previous ideas and expectations.<\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">The exhibition <em>We are who we are, we are what we are<\/em> is presented as a reflection on queer subjectivity, queer being term in English that can be applied to sexual and gender dissidence with respect to traditional models. At the same time, it tells us of the treasure that is affection, such as the <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a style=\"color: #008000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fundaciopalau.cat\/gallery-item\/dues-dones-esteses-joaquim-sunyer-1944\/\"><em>Dues dones esteses<\/em><\/a><a style=\"color: #008000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fundaciopalau.cat\/gallery-item\/dues-dones-esteses-joaquim-sunyer-1944\/\"> (Two women stretched out) (1944) by Joaquim Sunyer at the Fundaci\u00f3 Palau (Caldes d&#8217;Estrac<\/a>)<\/span>, and of what can be essential and primary in us (we think of Llena&#8217;s work) and as construction. Thus we observe Torrell&#8217;s collage.<\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;]<div id=\"ult-carousel-163361679269d4fa110ceaa\" class=\"ult-carousel-wrapper  comi ult_horizontal\" data-gutter=\"15\" data-rtl=\"false\" ><div class=\"ult-carousel-403773058669d4fa110cdfc \" >[vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4404&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Pharmacy Cabinet<\/em>, 17<sup>th<\/sup> century. Wood carved and polychromed in oil, 179 x 127 x 22.5 cm. Provenance: Farm\u00e0cia Pallar\u00e8s, Solsona. Museu Dioces\u00e0 i Comarcal de Solsona. Inventory No. MDCS 985.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4134&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Toni Torrell. Untitled, no information. Collage, 36.5 x 30.5 cm. Museu de Valls. Donation of Ramon Civit.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4137&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Antoni Llena. <em>Painting made with sweat and semen<\/em>, 1968 (2000). Photograph by Antoni Bernad in silver salts on photographic paper, 39.8 x 19.8 cm. MACBA Collection. MACBA Foundation. Photo: Rocco Ricci. Courtesy of Museu d\u2019Art Contemporani de Barcelona (MACBA). \u00a9 Antoni Llena, VEGAP, Barcelona, 2023.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner]<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\t\t\t\tjQuery(document).ready(function ($) {\n\t\t\t\t\tif( typeof jQuery('.ult-carousel-403773058669d4fa110cdfc').slick == \"function\"){\n\t\t\t\t\t\t$('.ult-carousel-403773058669d4fa110cdfc').slick({dots: false,autoplay: true,autoplaySpeed: \"5000\",speed: \"300\",infinite: true,arrows: true,nextArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Next\" style=\"color:#000000; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-next default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-right4\"><\/i><\/button>',prevArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Previous\" style=\"color:#000000; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-prev default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-left4\"><\/i><\/button>',slidesToScroll:1,slidesToShow:1,swipe: true,draggable: true,touchMove: true,pauseOnHover: true,pauseOnFocus: false,responsive: [\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1026,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1,  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1025,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 760,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t],pauseOnDotsHover: true,customPaging: function(slider, i) {\n                   return '<i type=\"button\" style= \"color:#333333;\" class=\"ultsl-record\" data-role=\"none\"><\/i>';\n                },});\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t});\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t[vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;right&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner]<a  itemprop=\"url\" href=\"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/en\/som-qui-som-som-com-som\/#menu\" target=\"_self\" data-hover-background-color='#ffffff' data-hover-color='#000000' class=\"qbutton  enlarge\" style=\"color: #000000; \">Men\u00fa<i class=\"qode_icon_font_awesome fa fa-arrow-circle-o-up qode_button_icon_element\" style=\"color: #000000;\" ><\/i><\/a>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;102px&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=&#8221;element_from_left&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;yes&#8221; angled_section_position=&#8221;top&#8221; angled_section_direction=&#8221;from_left_to_right&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#e2e2e2&#8243; el_id=&#8221;expressions&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1687424593518{padding-right: 10px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;92px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"second-title\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Expressions of dissidence<\/h2>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;18px&#8221;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">In recent decades we have begun to enrich the discourses regarding ourselves and our way of being and of being with others. In this assumption of diversity, we have introduced concepts such as biological sex, adding other possibilities to the traditional male-female binarism, including gender, sets of traits, roles and functions socially attributed to the sexes and sexual orientation, subjects towards which affinity and attraction are directed.<\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">Combinations of body, behaviour and desire are, of course, infinite. From this point of view, dissent in gender expression constitutes one of the most obvious statements to others. From historical figures such as Anne Lister, a 19<sup>th<\/sup>-century British lesbian who in many ways lived and expressed as a man \u2013the television series Gentleman Jack (created by Sally Wainwright, 2019-2022) was inspired by her diaries\u2013 to militant artists from the LGTBIQ+ collective, such as Cassils, who in performance finds a way to work on their body as a sculptural material through which to question conventional limits.<\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;]<div id=\"ult-carousel-276077058269d4fa110cffd\" class=\"ult-carousel-wrapper  comi ult_horizontal\" data-gutter=\"15\" data-rtl=\"false\" ><div class=\"ult-carousel-76753607469d4fa110cfe3 \" >[vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4154&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Ismael Smith. <em>Figures<\/em>, 1909. Ink on paper, 26 x 20 cm. Fundaci\u00f3 Palau, Caldes d\u2019Estrac; Registry no. 344.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4157&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;subralla&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Neus Buira. <em>Alice \/ Portrait VI<\/em>, 1993. Colour photograph, 130 x 95 cm. MORERA. Museu d\u2019Art Modern i Contemporani de Lleida collection. Item present in the XMAC action <a href=\"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/en\/node\/233\"><em>Mirrors of Art. Infinite identities<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4160&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Santiago Costa Vaqu\u00e9. <em>The Tennis Player<\/em>, no information. Bronze sculpture (lost wax casting), 58 x 21 x 13.5 cm. Museu d\u2019Art Modern de Tarragona; MAMT NIG 3075. Tarragona Provincial Government; Modern Art Museum; Photographic archive: Alberich Fot\u00f2grafs.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4163&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Ismael Smith. <em>Salom\u00e9<\/em>, 1910. Moulded plaster, 38 x 20.7 x 13.8 cm. Fons Maricel. Museu de Maricel, Sitges; Inventory no. FM 46.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4166&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Joan Morey. STP_La joie de vivre, 1999. DVD colour and audio stereo , 19\u2019\u2019.\u00a0 Museu de Granollers. MDG 12540.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner]<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\t\t\t\tjQuery(document).ready(function ($) {\n\t\t\t\t\tif( typeof jQuery('.ult-carousel-76753607469d4fa110cfe3').slick == \"function\"){\n\t\t\t\t\t\t$('.ult-carousel-76753607469d4fa110cfe3').slick({dots: false,autoplay: true,autoplaySpeed: \"5000\",speed: \"300\",infinite: true,arrows: true,nextArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Next\" style=\"color:#333333; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-next default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-right4\"><\/i><\/button>',prevArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Previous\" style=\"color:#333333; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-prev default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-left4\"><\/i><\/button>',slidesToScroll:1,slidesToShow:1,swipe: true,draggable: true,touchMove: true,pauseOnHover: true,pauseOnFocus: false,responsive: [\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1026,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1,  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1025,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 760,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t],pauseOnDotsHover: true,customPaging: function(slider, i) {\n                   return '<i type=\"button\" style= \"color:#333333;\" class=\"ultsl-record\" data-role=\"none\"><\/i>';\n                },});\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t});\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t[vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;right&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner]<a  itemprop=\"url\" href=\"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/en\/som-qui-som-som-com-som\/#menu\" target=\"_self\" data-hover-background-color='#ffffff' data-hover-color='#000000' class=\"qbutton  enlarge\" style=\"color: #000000; \">Men\u00fa<i class=\"qode_icon_font_awesome fa fa-arrow-circle-o-up qode_button_icon_element\" style=\"color: #000000;\" ><\/i><\/a>[vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=&#8221;element_from_right&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;yes&#8221; angled_section_position=&#8221;top&#8221; angled_section_direction=&#8221;from_right_to_left&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#007882&#8243; anchor=&#8221;dramatisme&#8221; el_id=&#8221;estarrufar&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1687424619838{padding-right: 10px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"second-title\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Strutting one\u2019s stuff<\/h2>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;18px&#8221;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">In Spanish, an effeminate, \u201ccamp\u201d man is often described as \u201cshowing a feather\u201d. Although, like all gender expressions, this should not necessarily be understood as an image of one sexual orientation or another, it is often identified as an external sign of a gay man. The approximate equivalent in the case of a lesbian woman would be the stereotype of the \u201ctruck driver\u201d or \u201cdyke\u201d. Depending on the time and the place, talk of the \u201cfeather\u201d generates various reactions, ranging from mockery and derision to discrimination by homophobic groups, even within the LGTBIQ+ group itself. In dating apps, for example, it is easy to find those who are looking for men \u201cwithout a feather\u201d (i.e. not \u201ccamp\u201d). Concurring in this aversion are both the denigration of femininity and the hatred of sexual and gender differences. In response, there are many voices and campaigns that revindicate the \u201cfeather\u201d as an exercise of individual freedom and, in words of Jaime Gil de Biedma, a \u201critual of collective complicity\u201d, a proudly displayed \u201cfeather\u201d, such as that portrayed by Gargallo, the one sculpted by Ur\u00f3 or the one photographed in 1958 by Joan Colom in <em>El Raval (Les T\u00e0pies)<\/em> (Museu de Valls).<\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;]<div id=\"ult-carousel-261865165069d4fa110d103\" class=\"ult-carousel-wrapper  comi ult_horizontal\" data-gutter=\"15\" data-rtl=\"false\" ><div class=\"ult-carousel-225779288669d4fa110d0ec \" >[vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4176&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Pablo Gargallo. <em>Young Male Nude<\/em>, 1918. Stone carving, 58.7 x 27 x 15.5 cm. Museu Nacional d\u2019Art de Catalunya, donated by the Gargallo family, in memory of Francesc Gargallo, 1972. \u00a9 Museu Nacional d\u2019Art de Catalunya, Barcelona, 2023.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4170&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Llu\u00eds Ur\u00f3. Andalusian dancer (bailaor), first half of the 20th century. Sculpture, terracotta, 35 x 35 x 66 cm. Museu de Manresa.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner]<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\t\t\t\tjQuery(document).ready(function ($) {\n\t\t\t\t\tif( typeof jQuery('.ult-carousel-225779288669d4fa110d0ec').slick == \"function\"){\n\t\t\t\t\t\t$('.ult-carousel-225779288669d4fa110d0ec').slick({dots: false,autoplay: true,autoplaySpeed: \"5000\",speed: \"300\",infinite: true,arrows: true,nextArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Next\" style=\"color:#333333; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-next default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-right4\"><\/i><\/button>',prevArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Previous\" style=\"color:#333333; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-prev default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-left4\"><\/i><\/button>',slidesToScroll:1,slidesToShow:1,swipe: true,draggable: true,touchMove: true,pauseOnHover: true,pauseOnFocus: false,responsive: [\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1026,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1,  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1025,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 760,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t],pauseOnDotsHover: true,customPaging: function(slider, i) {\n                   return '<i type=\"button\" style= \"color:#333333;\" class=\"ultsl-record\" data-role=\"none\"><\/i>';\n                },});\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t});\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t[vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;right&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner]<a  itemprop=\"url\" href=\"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/en\/som-qui-som-som-com-som\/#menu\" target=\"_self\" data-hover-background-color='#ffffff' data-hover-color='#000000' class=\"qbutton  enlarge\" style=\"color: #000000; \">Men\u00fa<i class=\"qode_icon_font_awesome fa fa-arrow-circle-o-up qode_button_icon_element\" style=\"color: #000000;\" ><\/i><\/a>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;102px&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=&#8221;element_from_left&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;yes&#8221; angled_section_position=&#8221;top&#8221; angled_section_direction=&#8221;from_right_to_left&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; el_id=&#8221;atansarse&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1687424643577{padding-right: 10px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;92px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"second-title\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Approaching the other side<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;18px&#8221;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">&#8220;Trans-&#8221; is a prefix of Latin origin used to form adjectives with the meaning of &#8220;beyond&#8221; and to indicate the opposite position. Substantively, by &#8220;trans&#8221; we mean, like Gerard Coll-Planas in <em>La voluntada i el desig<\/em> (The Will and the Desire), a term &#8220;that encompasses all those whose sex does not correspond to their gender: transsexuals, transvestites, transgenders, etc.&#8221;. Each &#8220;beyond&#8221; is a story, figures as diverse as Andreu Sala \u2013 when praying to preserve her chastity, God made Princess Liberada grow a beard, who ended up being crucified by her father \u2013 and Ismael Smith, reproduced here, or the <em>Transvestites<\/em> of Jos\u00e9 Luis Cuevas (1981), preserved in the Girona Museum of Art collection, that, in their apparent undefinition, claim the right to any redefinition. For their part, the artists Helena Cabello and Ana Carceller delve into the story of the real case of Elena\/Eleno de C\u00e9spedes, a 16<sup>th<\/sup>-century character who, despite being born a mulatto woman and a slave, lived as man. Finally, the trans photographer Mar C. Llop revindicates what is personal and political, doing so from the celebration of her own experiences.<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;]<div id=\"ult-carousel-12318845269d4fa110d1f9\" class=\"ult-carousel-wrapper  comi ult_horizontal\" data-gutter=\"15\" data-rtl=\"false\" ><div class=\"ult-carousel-352074958969d4fa110d1e3 \" >[vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4173&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Andreu Sala. <em>Saint Wilgefortis<\/em>, c. 1689. Sculpture in polychrome and gilded wood, 255 x 170 cm. Museu Nacional d\u2019Art de Catalunya, contribution of the Provincial Commission of Historical and Artistic Monuments of Barcelona to the Provincial Museum of Antiquities of Barcelona, 1879. \u00a9 Museu Nacional d\u2019Art de Catalunya, Barcelona, 2023.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4179&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Ismael Smith. Figures with shawls, c. 1911. Ink and watercolour on paper, 33.7 x 26.5 cm. Donated by Enrique Garc\u00eda-Herr\u00e1iz in memory of Paco Smith. Museu d\u2019Art de Cerdanyola.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4182&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Cabello\/Carceller. A\/O (The C\u00e9spedes Case), July 2009 &#8211; July 2010. Single-channel video, colour, sound, 14 minutes, 39 seconds (work not on display). MACBA Collection. MACBA Foundation. Courtesy of Museu d\u2019Art Contemporani de Barcelona (MACBA). \u00a9 Cabello\/Carceller, VEGAP, Barcelona, 2023.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4185&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Ismael Smith. <em>Figure (Eduard I\u2019ll give you a boyfriend who\u2019ll wear pants for me and a skirt for you)<\/em>, c. 1909. Pencil and ink on paper. Donated by Enrique Garc\u00eda-Herr\u00e1iz in memory of Paco Smith. Museu d\u2019Art de Cerdanyola.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4188&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Mar C. Llop. <em>Identity Building<\/em>, 2014. Print on aluminium, 85 x 144.5 cm. On loan from the artist\u2019s heirs. Museu d\u2019Art de Cerdanyola.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner]<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\t\t\t\tjQuery(document).ready(function ($) {\n\t\t\t\t\tif( typeof jQuery('.ult-carousel-352074958969d4fa110d1e3').slick == \"function\"){\n\t\t\t\t\t\t$('.ult-carousel-352074958969d4fa110d1e3').slick({dots: false,autoplay: true,autoplaySpeed: \"5000\",speed: \"300\",infinite: true,arrows: true,nextArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Next\" style=\"color:#333333; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-next default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-right4\"><\/i><\/button>',prevArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Previous\" style=\"color:#333333; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-prev default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-left4\"><\/i><\/button>',slidesToScroll:1,slidesToShow:1,swipe: true,draggable: true,touchMove: true,pauseOnHover: true,pauseOnFocus: false,responsive: [\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1026,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1,  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1025,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 760,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t],pauseOnDotsHover: true,customPaging: function(slider, i) {\n                   return '<i type=\"button\" style= \"color:#333333;\" class=\"ultsl-record\" data-role=\"none\"><\/i>';\n                },});\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t});\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t[vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;right&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner]<a  itemprop=\"url\" href=\"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/en\/som-qui-som-som-com-som\/#menu\" target=\"_self\" data-hover-background-color='#000000' data-hover-border-color='#ffffff' data-hover-color='#ffffff' class=\"qbutton  enlarge\" style=\"color: #ffffff; border-color: #ffffff; \">Men\u00fa<i class=\"qode_icon_font_awesome fa fa-arrow-circle-o-up qode_button_icon_element\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\" ><\/i><\/a>[vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=&#8221;element_from_right&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;yes&#8221; angled_section_position=&#8221;top&#8221; angled_section_direction=&#8221;from_left_to_right&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; el_id=&#8221;com&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1687424680064{padding-right: 10px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"second-title\" style=\"text-align: center;\">How is desire represented?<\/h2>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;18px&#8221;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">Personal decisions, social expectations and discourses \u2013political, ethnic, class, etc.\u2013 converge in identity, as well as elements related to sex, gender and sexual orientation. Certain physical or expressive features can contribute to the formation of an identity image, but with desire, unless the subject is represented in an attitude that signifies it (a way of looking, of seducing or consuming their desire), it is impossible to construct a specific appearance. For example, what does a bisexual person look like? And a gay? Naturally, there are as many appearances as there are people. Despite this, the need for symbolic references lead to conventions that are difficult to justify, if not entirely arbitrary. This is the case of the painting <em>Naked Youth Sitting by the Sea<\/em> (Hippolyte Flandrin, 1837) and its photographic emulation <em>Caino<\/em> (Wilhelm von Gloeden, c. 1902), both very close to Caba\u2019s <em>Academy<\/em>. So entrenched in the collective imagination as a representation of homosexuality are they that Flandrin&#8217;s work ended up on the cover of <em>No se lo digas a nadie (Don\u2019t Tell Anyone)<\/em> (Jaime Bayly), one of the most influential gay-themed novels of the 1990s. Why the association? Who knows?<\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4191&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Antoni Caba. <em>Male Nude Academy<\/em>, no date. Oil painting on canvas, 63.5 x 79 cm. Museu de l\u2019Empord\u00e0, Figueres; ME 639. \u00a9 mE. Museu Empord\u00e0, Figueres (Xavier Torner).<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;right&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner]<a  itemprop=\"url\" href=\"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/en\/som-qui-som-som-com-som\/#menu\" target=\"_self\" data-hover-background-color='#ffffff' data-hover-color='#000000' class=\"qbutton  enlarge\" style=\"color: #000000; \">Men\u00fa<i class=\"qode_icon_font_awesome fa fa-arrow-circle-o-up qode_button_icon_element\" style=\"color: #000000;\" ><\/i><\/a>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;102px&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=&#8221;element_from_left&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;yes&#8221; angled_section_position=&#8221;top&#8221; angled_section_direction=&#8221;from_right_to_left&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#007882&#8243; anchor=&#8221;dramatisme&#8221; el_id=&#8221;amigues&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1687424692800{padding-right: 10px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"second-title\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Particular friends <\/span><\/h2>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;18px&#8221;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">We can read into the historical and political reality a special reluctance to talk about dissident erotic practices among women and, over the centuries, these have tended to remain invisible. Desire between women has therefore often been represented under more or less subtle pretexts: the caresses of Diana&#8217;s entourage of nymphs, intimacy requested with an affectionate gesture, or the complicit embrace. The history of art has bequeathed us exceptional examples of the play between the insinuated, the seen and the lesbian. They include the paintings <em>Gabrielle d&#8217;Estr\u00e9es and the Duchess of Villars<\/em> (1594) by the Fontainebleau School, Gustave Courbet\u2019s<em> The Dream<\/em> (1886), Toulouse-Lautrec\u2019s<em> The Sofa<\/em> (1893) and Lovis Corinth\u2019s<em> Group of Women<\/em> (1904). However, love and seduction between women has been articulated to please a certain heteropatriarchal voyeurism, eager \u2013as Julia Kristeva tells us in <em>Powers of Perversion<\/em>\u2013 to satisfy their curiosity about what women do when they are alone, whether in the domestic space \u2013the instigator of &#8220;particular friendships&#8221; as in Aragay&#8217;s work\u2013 or in a moment of rest, as in Iturrino&#8217;s trio.<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;]<div id=\"ult-carousel-147929244269d4fa110d350\" class=\"ult-carousel-wrapper  comi ult_horizontal\" data-gutter=\"15\" data-rtl=\"false\" ><div class=\"ult-carousel-130591272369d4fa110d339 \" >[vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4194&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Josep de Togores. <em>Nudes<\/em>, 1928. Lithograph, 76 x 56 cm. Museu d\u2019Art de Cerdanyola. \u00a9 Josep de Togores, VEGAP, Barcelona, 2023.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4197&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><em>Group of Two Female Figures<\/em>, early 2<sup>nd<\/sup> century AD. Carved in white marble, 69.5 x 71 x 42.5 cm. Provenance: Zaragoza. Museu Frederic Mar\u00e8s, Barcelona; Registry no. MFM 167. \u00a9 Photo: Guillem F-H.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4200&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Manolo Hugu\u00e9. <em>Two young women from the back<\/em>, 1929. Relief modelled and patinated in terracotta, 32.5 x 24.5 cm. Museu Abell\u00f3, Mollet del Vall\u00e8s; Registry no. 2266.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4342&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Josep Aragay i Blanchar. Alcove Scene, 1915. Indian ink and watercolour on paper, 32.5 x 26.5 cm. Fundaci\u00f3 Palau, Caldes d\u2019Estrac; Registry no. 11.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4408&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Francisco Iturrino. The Women, c. 1905-1915. Oil painting on canvas, 100 x 110 cm. Museu Nacional d\u2019Art de Catalunya, legacy of Llu\u00eds Garriga Roig, 1940; entered the collection, 1942. \u00a9 Museu Nacional d\u2019Art de Catalunya, Barcelona, 2023.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner]<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\t\t\t\tjQuery(document).ready(function ($) {\n\t\t\t\t\tif( typeof jQuery('.ult-carousel-130591272369d4fa110d339').slick == \"function\"){\n\t\t\t\t\t\t$('.ult-carousel-130591272369d4fa110d339').slick({dots: false,autoplay: true,autoplaySpeed: \"5000\",speed: \"300\",infinite: true,arrows: true,nextArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Next\" style=\"color:#ffffff; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-next default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-right4\"><\/i><\/button>',prevArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Previous\" style=\"color:#ffffff; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-prev default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-left4\"><\/i><\/button>',slidesToScroll:1,slidesToShow:1,swipe: true,draggable: true,touchMove: true,pauseOnHover: true,pauseOnFocus: false,responsive: [\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1026,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1,  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1025,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 760,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t],pauseOnDotsHover: true,customPaging: function(slider, i) {\n                   return '<i type=\"button\" style= \"color:#333333;\" class=\"ultsl-record\" data-role=\"none\"><\/i>';\n                },});\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t});\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t[vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;right&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner]<a  itemprop=\"url\" href=\"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/en\/som-qui-som-som-com-som\/#menu\" target=\"_self\" data-hover-background-color='#ffffff' data-hover-color='#000000' class=\"qbutton  enlarge\" style=\"color: #000000; \">Men\u00fa<i class=\"qode_icon_font_awesome fa fa-arrow-circle-o-up qode_button_icon_element\" style=\"color: #000000;\" ><\/i><\/a>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;102px&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=&#8221;element_from_right&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;yes&#8221; angled_section_position=&#8221;top&#8221; angled_section_direction=&#8221;from_left_to_right&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#e2e2e2&#8243; el_id=&#8221;construccio&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1687424717844{padding-right: 10px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;92px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"second-title\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Construction of the lesbian identity<\/h2>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;18px&#8221;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">When we think of historical and cultural references to lesbian identity and of pioneers who have defended dissident sexual preferences, we cannot ignore the Greek poetess Sappho, who wrote about romantic relationships with her companions on the island of Lesbos, the origin of the term &#8220;lesbianism&#8221;. The Girona Art Museum has a portrait entitled <em>Saphos<\/em> (1979) signed by Modest Cuixart. In literature, Sappho normalised female homosexuality in the 4<sup>th<\/sup> century BC, as did the novelist Colette, the author of such books as <em>Ch\u00e9ri<\/em> and <em>La Maison de Claudine<\/em>, in the 20<sup>th<\/sup> century. An empowered woman, she experienced her affections freely, describing emotive images of female love, such as the attraction between Pidelaserra\u2019s women, half embracing in a bed, and opening new queer spaces within the French society of the time. Many artists of the past defended inclinations other than the heterosexual, living with a partner of the same sex and subverting the natural destiny of women as producers of children dictated by the patriarchy; emblematic and familiar cases are those of the dancer Carmen T\u00f3rtola and the painter Marisa Ro\u00ebsset.<\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;]<div id=\"ult-carousel-211027626769d4fa110d436\" class=\"ult-carousel-wrapper  comi ult_horizontal\" data-gutter=\"15\" data-rtl=\"false\" ><div class=\"ult-carousel-385334438269d4fa110d420 \" >[vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4209&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Jacques-\u00c9mile Blanche. <em>Portrait of the Novelist Colette<\/em>, c. 1905. Oil painting on canvas, 158 x 118 cm. Museu Nacional d\u2019Art de Catalunya, purchased at the Fifth International Exhibition of Fine Arts and Artistic Industries in Barcelona, 1907. \u00a9 Photo: National Art Museum of Catalonia, Barcelona, 2023; \u00a9 National Art Museum of Catalonia, Barcelona, 2023.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4212&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Apel\u00b7les Fenosa. <em>Head of Colette<\/em>, 1948. Clay, 19 x 15 x 16. Museu Apel\u00b7les Fenosa, el Vendrell. \u00a9 Apel\u00b7les Fenosa, VEGAP, Barcelona, 2023.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4412&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Mari\u00e0 Pidelaserra i Brias. <em>Nudes<\/em>, 1937. Oil painting on canvas, 70 x 83 cm. Museu Abell\u00f3, Mollet del Vall\u00e8s; Registry no. 2717.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4218&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Rafael Sala Marco. <em>T\u00f3rtola Valencia and the Crow<\/em>, 1915. Oil painting on canvas, 84 x 86.7 cm. Biblioteca Museu V\u00edctor Balaguer, Vilanova i la Geltr\u00fa; Registry no. 2490.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4415&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Marisa Ro\u00ebsset. <em>Repose<\/em>, 1928. Oil painting on canvas, 179 x 131 cm. Museu Nacional d\u2019Art de Catalunya, acquired at the Barcelona International Exhibition, 1929; entered the collection, 1931. Photo: National Art Museum of Catalonia, Barcelona, 2023; \u00a9 the artist or her heirs.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner]<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\t\t\t\tjQuery(document).ready(function ($) {\n\t\t\t\t\tif( typeof jQuery('.ult-carousel-385334438269d4fa110d420').slick == \"function\"){\n\t\t\t\t\t\t$('.ult-carousel-385334438269d4fa110d420').slick({dots: false,autoplay: true,autoplaySpeed: \"5000\",speed: \"300\",infinite: true,arrows: true,nextArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Next\" style=\"color:#333333; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-next default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-right4\"><\/i><\/button>',prevArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Previous\" style=\"color:#333333; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-prev default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-left4\"><\/i><\/button>',slidesToScroll:1,slidesToShow:1,swipe: true,draggable: true,touchMove: true,pauseOnHover: true,pauseOnFocus: false,responsive: [\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1026,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1,  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1025,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 760,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t],pauseOnDotsHover: true,customPaging: function(slider, i) {\n                   return '<i type=\"button\" style= \"color:#333333;\" class=\"ultsl-record\" data-role=\"none\"><\/i>';\n                },});\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t});\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t[vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;right&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner]<a  itemprop=\"url\" href=\"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/en\/som-qui-som-som-com-som\/#menu\" target=\"_self\" data-hover-background-color='#ffffff' data-hover-color='#000000' class=\"qbutton  enlarge\" style=\"color: #000000; \">Men\u00fa<i class=\"qode_icon_font_awesome fa fa-arrow-circle-o-up qode_button_icon_element\" style=\"color: #000000;\" ><\/i><\/a>[vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=&#8221;element_from_left&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;yes&#8221; angled_section_position=&#8221;top&#8221; angled_section_direction=&#8221;from_right_to_left&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; el_id=&#8221;gais&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1687424743271{padding-right: 10px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;92px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"second-title\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Gays showing off<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;18px&#8221;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Regarding couples like the emperor Hadrian and the handsome Antinous \u2013here depicted by Apel\u00b7les Fenosa\u2013 in the queer itinerary at the Museo del Prado <em>The Look of the Other: Scenes for the Difference<\/em>, Carlos G. Navarro and \u00c1lvaro Perdices point out both their &#8220;exceptional historical importance&#8221; and their &#8220;homosocial significance&#8221;. Always adapted to the conditions of each place and each era, presences such: the passionate (the gay artist N\u00e9stor portrays the flame of lovers who may well be two men); the courageous (Fenosa, a friend of the couple Jean Cocteau and Jean Marais, makes a small bust of the former so that the latter can take it to war); the inspiring (the couple Paco and Manolo defend the magic of real stories); and the optimistic (&#8220;I&#8217;m not afraid of the future&#8221;, sings Carles Congost\u2019s protagonist having come out of the closet in the <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a style=\"color: #008000;\" href=\"https:\/\/morera.paeria.cat\/constellacions\/obra\/2080\/\">video <\/a><a style=\"color: #008000;\" href=\"https:\/\/morera.paeria.cat\/constellacions\/obra\/2080\/\"><em>Un mystique determinado<\/em><\/a><a style=\"color: #008000;\" href=\"https:\/\/morera.paeria.cat\/constellacions\/obra\/2080\/\"> (2003)) from the MORERA. Museu d\u2019Art Modern i Contemporani de Lleida<\/a><\/span>, with their firm visibility pave the way for &#8220;we are who we are, we are how we are&#8221;.<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;]<div id=\"ult-carousel-429258977769d4fa110d528\" class=\"ult-carousel-wrapper  comi ult_horizontal\" data-gutter=\"15\" data-rtl=\"false\" ><div class=\"ult-carousel-233734443069d4fa110d511 \" >[vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4224&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Apel\u00b7les Fenosa. <em>Antinous<\/em>, 1949. Terracotta, 11.5 x 6 x 7 cm. Museu Apel\u00b7les Fenosa, el Vendrell. \u00a9 Apel\u00b7les Fenosa, VEGAP, Barcelona, 2023.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4227&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">N\u00e9stor. <em>Possession<\/em>, c. 1912-1913. Oil painting on canvas, 100 x 100 cm. Museu Nacional d\u2019Art de Catalunya, Donated by \u00d2scar Lena, 1958. \u00a9 Museu Nacional d\u2019Art de Catalunya, Barcelona, 2023.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4230&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Apel\u00b7les Fenosa. Small Head of Jean Cocteau, 1939. Terracotta, 11.5 x 6 x 7 cm. Museu Apel\u00b7les Fenosa, el Vendrell. \u00a9 Apel\u00b7les Fenosa, VEGAP, Barcelona, 2023.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4233&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Paco and Manolo. He is One, 2003. Print on aluminium, 50 x 70 cm. On loan from the Generalitat de Catalunya. National Photography Collection. Museu d\u2019Art de Cerdanyola.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner]<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\t\t\t\tjQuery(document).ready(function ($) {\n\t\t\t\t\tif( typeof jQuery('.ult-carousel-233734443069d4fa110d511').slick == \"function\"){\n\t\t\t\t\t\t$('.ult-carousel-233734443069d4fa110d511').slick({dots: false,autoplay: true,autoplaySpeed: \"5000\",speed: \"300\",infinite: true,arrows: true,nextArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Next\" style=\"color:#ffffff; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-next default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-right4\"><\/i><\/button>',prevArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Previous\" style=\"color:#ffffff; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-prev default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-left4\"><\/i><\/button>',slidesToScroll:1,slidesToShow:1,swipe: true,draggable: true,touchMove: true,pauseOnHover: true,pauseOnFocus: false,responsive: [\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1026,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1,  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1025,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 760,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t],pauseOnDotsHover: true,customPaging: function(slider, i) {\n                   return '<i type=\"button\" style= \"color:#333333;\" class=\"ultsl-record\" data-role=\"none\"><\/i>';\n                },});\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t});\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t[vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;right&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner]<a  itemprop=\"url\" href=\"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/en\/som-qui-som-som-com-som\/#menu\" target=\"_self\" data-hover-background-color='#000000' data-hover-border-color='#ffffff' data-hover-color='#ffffff' class=\"qbutton  enlarge\" style=\"color: #ffffff; border-color: #ffffff; \">Men\u00fa<i class=\"qode_icon_font_awesome fa fa-arrow-circle-o-up qode_button_icon_element\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\" ><\/i><\/a>[vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=&#8221;element_from_right&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;yes&#8221; angled_section_position=&#8221;top&#8221; angled_section_direction=&#8221;from_left_to_right&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; el_id=&#8221;zeus&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1687424767958{padding-right: 10px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"second-title\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Zeus goes cruising<\/h2>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;18px&#8221;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">Throughout time, the seduction and abduction of the shepherd prince Ganymede by Zeus metamorphosed into an eagle has been a pretext for the representation of homosexual desire. Seen from a contemporary queer perspective, Joaquim Sunyer\u2019s work \u2013with a sculpture depicting the mythological episode in the middle of a leafy park\u2013 allows us to mention <em>cruising<\/em>. In other words, the search for clandestine sexual exchanges in more or less public spaces \u2013evoked, by the way, in a hedonistic fantasy of Nazario\u2019s\u2013 ranging from bucolic gardens and saunas with classical reminiscences, to sordid urinals, open fields and motorway rest areas. The film <em>The Stranger of the Lake<\/em> (directed by Alain Guiraudie, 2013) describes how it works and, above all, the regime of panoptic visibility that occurs there, while Alex Espinoza concludes his book <em>Cruising: An Intimate History of a Radical Pastime<\/em> by stating &#8220;We are doing something we know is illegal and subversive. The act itself is a protest, a revolt. People who <em>cruise<\/em> are outlaw rebels\u201d.<\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;]<div id=\"ult-carousel-341958238169d4fa110d607\" class=\"ult-carousel-wrapper  comi ult_horizontal\" data-gutter=\"15\" data-rtl=\"false\" ><div class=\"ult-carousel-230187441169d4fa110d5f0 \" >[vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4239&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Pablo Gargallo. <em>The Shepherd of the Eagle<\/em>, 1928. Moulded plaster, 268 x 97.5 x 54.5 cm. Museu de la Garrotxa, Olot; Inventory no. 659.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4236&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Beno\u00eet-Louis Henriquez. <em>The abduction of Ganymede, according to Rubens<\/em>, c. 1786. Burin, 25,4 x 22,1 cm. Gelonch-Viladegut fund. Museu de Lleida.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4245&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Joaquim Sunyer. <em>French Garden with the Sculptural Group of Ganymede and the Eagle<\/em>, 1905. Oil painting on canvas, 46 x 38 cm. Museu Nacional d\u2019Art de Catalunya, acquired from the Plandiura Collection, 1932. Photo: Museu Nacional d\u2019Art de Catalunya, Barcelona, 2023; \u00a9 Joaquim Sunyer, VEGAP, Barcelona, 2023<em>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4242&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Nazario. <em>Saint Sebastian and the centaurs (AIDS Allegory)<\/em>, 1999. Serigraph on canvas, 95 x 135 cm. Deposit of the Generalitat de Catalunya. National Collection. Museu d\u2019Art de Cerdanyola. \u00a9 Nazario, VEGAP, Barcelona, 2023.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner]<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\t\t\t\tjQuery(document).ready(function ($) {\n\t\t\t\t\tif( typeof jQuery('.ult-carousel-230187441169d4fa110d5f0').slick == \"function\"){\n\t\t\t\t\t\t$('.ult-carousel-230187441169d4fa110d5f0').slick({dots: false,autoplay: true,autoplaySpeed: \"5000\",speed: \"300\",infinite: true,arrows: true,nextArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Next\" style=\"color:#333333; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-next default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-right4\"><\/i><\/button>',prevArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Previous\" style=\"color:#333333; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-prev default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-left4\"><\/i><\/button>',slidesToScroll:1,slidesToShow:1,swipe: true,draggable: true,touchMove: true,pauseOnHover: true,pauseOnFocus: false,responsive: [\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1026,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1,  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1025,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 760,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t],pauseOnDotsHover: true,customPaging: function(slider, i) {\n                   return '<i type=\"button\" style= \"color:#333333;\" class=\"ultsl-record\" data-role=\"none\"><\/i>';\n                },});\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t});\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t[vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;right&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner]<a  itemprop=\"url\" href=\"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/en\/som-qui-som-som-com-som\/#menu\" target=\"_self\" data-hover-background-color='#ffffff' data-hover-color='#000000' class=\"qbutton  enlarge\" style=\"color: #000000; \">Men\u00fa<i class=\"qode_icon_font_awesome fa fa-arrow-circle-o-up qode_button_icon_element\" style=\"color: #000000;\" ><\/i><\/a>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;102px&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=&#8221;element_from_left&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;yes&#8221; angled_section_position=&#8221;top&#8221; angled_section_direction=&#8221;from_right_to_left&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#007882&#8243; anchor=&#8221;dramatisme&#8221; el_id=&#8221;academies&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1687424796491{padding-right: 10px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"second-title\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Academies for not very academic views<\/h2>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;18px&#8221;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">Academies often imposed modernity \u2013natural nude studies\u2013 as part of the learning process and development of the artist&#8217;s skills. While in schools they were taught in groups, as seen with Rossend Nobas, professionals undertook them in their studies. This allowed a complicity \u2013especially appreciable in Julio Antonio&#8217;s sanguine art\u2013 that could certainly stimulate the imagination of observers too used to not seeing the kind of intimacy between men they desired. In the same way, the homoerotic view could be satisfied in the final result of so many academies. In Kenneth Clark&#8217;s classic distinction between the &#8220;naked&#8221; and the &#8220;undressed&#8221; figure, the former, divine and heroic, does not require covering, while the latter, mortal and mundane, does. Although most academies had a \u201cnaked\u201d vocation, in practice they could be appreciated as undressed, familiar and desirable bodies.<\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;]<div id=\"ult-carousel-268446230669d4fa110d6f4\" class=\"ult-carousel-wrapper  comi ult_horizontal\" data-gutter=\"15\" data-rtl=\"false\" ><div class=\"ult-carousel-249256101569d4fa110d6dd \" >[vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4248&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Antoni Estruch Bros. <em>Academy<\/em>, 1896. Pencil on paper, 36 x 24 cm. Provenance: legacy of Lloren\u00e7 Llad\u00f3. Museu d\u2019Art de Sabadell Collection, Sabadell City Council. Museu d\u2019Art de Sabadell; Inventory no. 234.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4419&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Pablo Gargallo. <em>Man from the Back<\/em>, 1902-1903. Pen and ink on paper, 18.7 x 12.6 cm. Fundaci\u00f3 Palau, Caldes d\u2019Estrac; Registry no. 58.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4254&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Rossend Nobas. <em>Academy<\/em>, 1875. Watercolour on paper, 35 x 24.7 cm. Museu de l\u2019Empord\u00e0, Figueres; ME 805. \u00a9 mE. Museu Empord\u00e0, Figueres (Xavier Torner).<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4257&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Julio Antonio (Julio Antonio Rodr\u00edguez Hern\u00e1ndez). <em>Male Nude<\/em>, no date. Charcoal drawing on white paper, 61.5 x 42.5 cm. Museu d\u2019Art Modern de Tarragona; MAMT NIG 633. Tarragona Provincial Government; Museu d\u2019Art Modern; Photographic archive; Alberich Fot\u00f2grafs.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4260&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Julio Antonio (Julio Antonio Rodr\u00edguez Hern\u00e1ndez). <em>Male Nude<\/em>, 1908. Sanguine drawing on white paper, 22.3 x 32.5 cm. Museu d\u2019Art Modern de Tarragona; MAMT NIG 606. Tarragona Provincial Government; Museu d\u2019Art Modern; Photographic archive; Alberich Fot\u00f2grafs.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner]<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\t\t\t\tjQuery(document).ready(function ($) {\n\t\t\t\t\tif( typeof jQuery('.ult-carousel-249256101569d4fa110d6dd').slick == \"function\"){\n\t\t\t\t\t\t$('.ult-carousel-249256101569d4fa110d6dd').slick({dots: false,autoplay: true,autoplaySpeed: \"5000\",speed: \"300\",infinite: true,arrows: true,nextArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Next\" style=\"color:#333333; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-next default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-right4\"><\/i><\/button>',prevArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Previous\" style=\"color:#333333; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-prev default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-left4\"><\/i><\/button>',slidesToScroll:1,slidesToShow:1,swipe: true,draggable: true,touchMove: true,pauseOnHover: true,pauseOnFocus: false,responsive: [\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1026,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1,  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1025,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 760,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t],pauseOnDotsHover: true,customPaging: function(slider, i) {\n                   return '<i type=\"button\" style= \"color:#333333;\" class=\"ultsl-record\" data-role=\"none\"><\/i>';\n                },});\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t});\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t[vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;right&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner]<a  itemprop=\"url\" href=\"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/en\/som-qui-som-som-com-som\/#menu\" target=\"_self\" data-hover-background-color='#ffffff' data-hover-color='#000000' class=\"qbutton  enlarge\" style=\"color: #000000; \">Men\u00fa<i class=\"qode_icon_font_awesome fa fa-arrow-circle-o-up qode_button_icon_element\" style=\"color: #000000;\" ><\/i><\/a>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;102px&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;no&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221;][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=&#8221;element_from_right&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;yes&#8221; angled_section_position=&#8221;top&#8221; angled_section_direction=&#8221;from_left_to_right&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#e2e2e2&#8243; el_id=&#8221;cos&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1687424824498{padding-right: 10px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;92px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"second-title\" style=\"text-align: center;\">The eroticised male body<\/h2>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;18px&#8221;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner el_class=&#8221;subralla&#8221; width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">The artistic disciplines have shown how to compile the plurality of experiences, perceptions and representations of non-hegemonic masculinities in society and culture, despite the fact that depictions of gay masculinities have been belittled in the context of &#8220;masculinity&#8221;, a concept associated with the power structures derived from the legitimation of the patriarchy. In this respect, works such as those of Antoni Fabr\u00e9s and Adolfo Wildt have succeeded in depicting a new &#8220;warrior&#8221; masculinity, represented through canons reserved for female eroticism: exoticism, inviting repose, the sensual contortion of the body, a fragmentary view of the genitals, etc. For its part, modern photography conferred a certain mysticism on homosexuality, with an exquisite treatment of the male nude in black and white, individualised in works such as those of Josep Masana and Joan Vilatob\u00e0. Very similar to de Wildt\u2019s <em>Croat<\/em>, we have the close-up where sex is only hinted at in <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a style=\"color: #008000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.museunacional.cat\/en\/colleccio\/untitled\/joan-vilatoba\/214480-000\">one of his works exhibited at the MNAC<\/a><\/span>, in which the homoerotic implications in the representation of the bodies break with established social imaginaries. The Germans Wilhelm von Gloeden and Herbert List would be the most famous homosexual visual artists of the first half of the 20<sup>th<\/sup> century, with their photographs of young Sicilians or Greeks among references to classical antiquity. Nevertheless, in Catalonia, by the second half of the century, we also have a magnificent constructor of male homoerotic images in Toni Catany, represented, for example, by the <em>Male Nude<\/em> from the <em>Somniar D\u00e9us<\/em> series (1988) in the Valls Museum.<\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;]<div id=\"ult-carousel-408063501969d4fa110d7c7\" class=\"ult-carousel-wrapper  comi ult_horizontal\" data-gutter=\"15\" data-rtl=\"false\" ><div class=\"ult-carousel-56460164869d4fa110d7b1 \" >[vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4263&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Josep Masana. Untitled (<em>Nude study with sculpture<\/em>), between 1920 and 1940. Photograph in gelatin and silver on baryta paper, 17.7 x 11.7 cm. Museu Nacional d\u2019Art de Catalunya, on loan from the Masana family, 1997. Photo: Museu Nacional d\u2019Art de Catalunya, 2023; \u00a9 the artist or his heirs.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4269&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Adolfo Wildt. <em>The Croat<\/em>, 1921. Plaster casting based on a stone sculpture, 72.5 x 52 x 56.5 cm. Museu Nacional d\u2019Art de Catalunya, purchased at the Barcelona International Exhibition, 1929; entered the collection, 1931, \u00a9 Museu Nacional d\u2019Art de Catalunya, Barcelona, 2023.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner]<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\t\t\t\tjQuery(document).ready(function ($) {\n\t\t\t\t\tif( typeof jQuery('.ult-carousel-56460164869d4fa110d7b1').slick == \"function\"){\n\t\t\t\t\t\t$('.ult-carousel-56460164869d4fa110d7b1').slick({dots: false,autoplay: true,autoplaySpeed: \"5000\",speed: \"300\",infinite: true,arrows: true,nextArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Next\" style=\"color:#333333; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-next default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-right4\"><\/i><\/button>',prevArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Previous\" style=\"color:#333333; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-prev default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-left4\"><\/i><\/button>',slidesToScroll:1,slidesToShow:1,swipe: true,draggable: true,touchMove: true,pauseOnHover: true,pauseOnFocus: false,responsive: [\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1026,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1,  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1025,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 760,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t],pauseOnDotsHover: true,customPaging: function(slider, i) {\n                   return '<i type=\"button\" style= \"color:#333333;\" class=\"ultsl-record\" data-role=\"none\"><\/i>';\n                },});\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t});\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t[vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;right&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner]<a  itemprop=\"url\" href=\"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/en\/som-qui-som-som-com-som\/#menu\" target=\"_self\" data-hover-background-color='#ffffff' data-hover-color='#000000' class=\"qbutton  enlarge\" style=\"color: #000000; \">Men\u00fa<i class=\"qode_icon_font_awesome fa fa-arrow-circle-o-up qode_button_icon_element\" style=\"color: #000000;\" ><\/i><\/a>[vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=&#8221;element_from_left&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;yes&#8221; angled_section_position=&#8221;top&#8221; angled_section_direction=&#8221;from_right_to_left&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; el_id=&#8221;sant&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1687424852490{padding-right: 10px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;92px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"second-title\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Saint Sebastian, a queer icon <\/span><\/h2>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;18px&#8221;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Saint Sebastian was a Roman soldier condemned to death by torture for defending his faith. The saint\u2019s body, with its sensual and ambiguous image, is a good example of how hagiography offers pretexts for dissident contemplations; those <em>Saint Sebastian<\/em> by Josep Tramulles and Joaquim Juncosa, the focus of so many gazes, and in the same vein, this one preserved in Vic or those of <a style=\"color: #ffffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.museunacional.cat\/en\/colleccio\/saint-sebastian\/andrea-bregno\/004541-000\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Andrea Bregno (Museu Nacional d\u2019Art de Catalunya)<\/span><\/a> and the <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a style=\"color: #008000;\" href=\"https:\/\/cataleg.museumares.bcn.cat\/fitxa\/seccio_escultura\/H307261\/?resultsetnav=6339733881cc3\">Alejo de Vah\u00eda workshop (Museu Frederic Mar\u00e8s)<\/a><\/span>, becomes an ideal of beauty not greatly distanced from that described by Derek Jarman and Paul Humfress in the film <em>Sebastiane<\/em> (1976). Oscar Wilde and Tennessee Williams also praised the erotic sensations associated with this historical-literary character, and Yukio Mishima, in <em>Confessions of a Mask<\/em> (1949), wrote: &#8220;It is not the pain that emanates from his smooth chest, from his tense abdomen, from his slightly inclined hips, but a flame of melancholy pleasure, like that produced by music\u201d. Seventeen years later, Mishima posed for the photographer Kishin Shinoyama, emulating the queer sexuality of Guido Reni&#8217;s <em>Saint Sebastian<\/em> (1615-1616).<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;]<div id=\"ult-carousel-178536424969d4fa110d890\" class=\"ult-carousel-wrapper  comi ult_horizontal\" data-gutter=\"15\" data-rtl=\"false\" ><div class=\"ult-carousel-241926009569d4fa110d87b \" >[vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4422&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Josep Tramulles. Altarpiece of Saint Sebastian, 1652-1654. Polychrome wood carving, 310 x 220 cm. Provenance: Hospital de Santa Caterina, Girona. Museu d\u2019Art de Girona; Registry no. 251.709. Girona Provincial Government Collection.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4272&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Fra Joaquim Juncosa. The Martyrdom of Saint Sebastian, c. 1689. Oil on canvas, 198 x 139 cm. Institut Municipal dels Museus de Reus fund. Museu de Reus, MR 2072.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4425&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Medal with Saint Sebastian, Castella, 17th century. Gilt and chiselled bronze. MEV, Museu d\u2019Art Medieval 4556. \u00a9 MEV, Museu d\u2019Art Medieval.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner]<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\t\t\t\tjQuery(document).ready(function ($) {\n\t\t\t\t\tif( typeof jQuery('.ult-carousel-241926009569d4fa110d87b').slick == \"function\"){\n\t\t\t\t\t\t$('.ult-carousel-241926009569d4fa110d87b').slick({dots: false,autoplay: true,autoplaySpeed: \"5000\",speed: \"300\",infinite: true,arrows: true,nextArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Next\" style=\"color:#ffffff; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-next default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-right4\"><\/i><\/button>',prevArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Previous\" style=\"color:#ffffff; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-prev default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-left4\"><\/i><\/button>',slidesToScroll:1,slidesToShow:1,swipe: true,draggable: true,touchMove: true,pauseOnHover: true,pauseOnFocus: false,responsive: [\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1026,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1,  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1025,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 760,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t],pauseOnDotsHover: true,customPaging: function(slider, i) {\n                   return '<i type=\"button\" style= \"color:#333333;\" class=\"ultsl-record\" data-role=\"none\"><\/i>';\n                },});\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t});\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t[vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;right&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner]<a  itemprop=\"url\" href=\"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/en\/som-qui-som-som-com-som\/#menu\" target=\"_self\" data-hover-background-color='#000000' data-hover-border-color='#ffffff' data-hover-color='#ffffff' class=\"qbutton  enlarge\" style=\"color: #ffffff; border-color: #ffffff; \">Men\u00fa<i class=\"qode_icon_font_awesome fa fa-arrow-circle-o-up qode_button_icon_element\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\" ><\/i><\/a>[vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=&#8221;element_from_right&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;yes&#8221; angled_section_position=&#8221;top&#8221; angled_section_direction=&#8221;from_left_to_right&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; el_id=&#8221;ulleres&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1687424877853{padding-right: 10px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"second-title\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Coloured glasses<\/h2>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;18px&#8221;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner el_class=&#8221;subralla&#8221; width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">Neither the relationship between Blay\u2019s driller and smelter \u2013which is explained by what Carlos Reyero in <em>Male Appearance and Identity<\/em> identifies with manhood associated with work and a camaraderie free of sexual ambiguity\u2013 nor the life experience of the artist have anything to do with homosexual love. However, leaving aside Umberto Eco&#8217;s warnings about the dangers of overinterpreting or superimposing on the work something that is not there at all, the queer perspective defends, given the lack of visual references, that the members of a group such as gays can develop appropriationist re-readings. In fact, there are many images traditionally linked to a certain idea of masculinity \u2013labourers, policemen, wrestlers, matadors, etc.\u2013 that become homoerotic icons in magazines such as <em>Physique Pictorial<\/em>; in the staging of music groups such as the Village People; or in the drawings of artists such as Tom de Finl\u00e0ndia and Nazario. We can find an example of the last of these in the XMAC exhibition <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a style=\"color: #008000;\" href=\"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/en\/curations\/thousand-ways-of-dying\"><em>A Thousand Ways of Dying<\/em><\/a><\/span>.<\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;]<div id=\"ult-carousel-77914162969d4fa110d956\" class=\"ult-carousel-wrapper  comi ult_horizontal\" data-gutter=\"15\" data-rtl=\"false\" ><div class=\"ult-carousel-142615937369d4fa110d940 \" >[vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4281&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Miquel Blay. <em>Driller and Smelter<\/em>, 1903 (fragment from the <em>Monument to V\u00edctor Ch\u00e1varri<\/em>, Portugalete). Cast in bronze, 116 x 86 x 38 cm. Museu de la Garrotxa, Olot; Inventory no. 2511.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4284&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Rossend Nobas. <em>Wounded bullfighter<\/em>, 1871. Cast in bronze, 74.3 x 129.3 x 61.7 cm. Museu Nacional d\u2019Art de Catalunya, acquisition of the plaster cast, 1920; bronze casting donated by Llu\u00eds Masriera, 1921. \u00a9 Museu Nacional d\u2019Art de Catalunya, Barcelona, 2023.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4287&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Santiago Costa Vaqu\u00e9. <em>Graeco-Roman Wrestling<\/em>, no date. Limestone sculpture, 112 x 82.5 x 55.5 cm. Museu d\u2019Art Modern de Tarragona (work not on display); MAMT NIG 3074. Tarragona Provincial Government; Museu d\u2019Art Modern; Photographic archive; Alberich Fot\u00f2grafs.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4290&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Rebull. <em>Fighters<\/em>, 1942. Graphite on paper, 26.8 x 29.9 cm. Donated by the Merino family. Museu d\u2019Art de Cerdanyola.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner]<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\t\t\t\tjQuery(document).ready(function ($) {\n\t\t\t\t\tif( typeof jQuery('.ult-carousel-142615937369d4fa110d940').slick == \"function\"){\n\t\t\t\t\t\t$('.ult-carousel-142615937369d4fa110d940').slick({dots: false,autoplay: true,autoplaySpeed: \"5000\",speed: \"300\",infinite: true,arrows: true,nextArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Next\" style=\"color:#333333; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-next default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-right4\"><\/i><\/button>',prevArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Previous\" style=\"color:#333333; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-prev default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-left4\"><\/i><\/button>',slidesToScroll:1,slidesToShow:1,swipe: true,draggable: true,touchMove: true,pauseOnHover: true,pauseOnFocus: false,responsive: [\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1026,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1,  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1025,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 760,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t],pauseOnDotsHover: true,customPaging: function(slider, i) {\n                   return '<i type=\"button\" style= \"color:#333333;\" class=\"ultsl-record\" data-role=\"none\"><\/i>';\n                },});\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t});\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t[vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;right&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner]<a  itemprop=\"url\" href=\"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/en\/som-qui-som-som-com-som\/#menu\" target=\"_self\" data-hover-background-color='#ffffff' data-hover-color='#000000' class=\"qbutton  enlarge\" style=\"color: #000000; \">Men\u00fa<i class=\"qode_icon_font_awesome fa fa-arrow-circle-o-up qode_button_icon_element\" style=\"color: #000000;\" ><\/i><\/a>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;102px&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=&#8221;element_from_left&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;yes&#8221; angled_section_position=&#8221;top&#8221; angled_section_direction=&#8221;from_right_to_left&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#007882&#8243; anchor=&#8221;dramatisme&#8221; el_id=&#8221;sida&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1687424904748{padding-right: 10px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"second-title\" style=\"text-align: center;\">AIDS<\/h2>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;18px&#8221;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">The emergence of AIDS in the 1980s was undoubtedly a fundamental episode when we talk about contemporary sexuality. In light of the homophobic stigma that surrounded the appearance of the virus, reviving the social persecution of &#8220;risk groups&#8221; such as homosexuals, Susan Sontag, among others, denounced this in the essay <em>AIDS and its metaphors<\/em>, and Nazario with scathing and openly critical comics; creators, photographers and writers stood up for the dignity of those affected by AIDS. In the most difficult moments of the contagion, and before the configuration of campaigns to promote knowledge and prevention of the disease, such as the educational programme <em>AIDS. Knowing Helps<\/em>, promoted by the La Caixa Foundation, different artists turned their physical agony not only into a document of the struggle against AIDS and gender discrimination, but also into the principal motif of their work. Convinced artistic expression can be an agent of change and social transformation, cases such as those of Pepe Espali\u00fa, Derek Jarman and Keith Haring, the last of whom was the artist responsible for the mural <em>Together we can stop AIDS<\/em> in Barcelona&#8217;s Raval district and was an activist for sexual liberation; as well as with the depiction in a political key of their affections \u2013as in the untitled piece (Ross &amp; Harry) by <span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><a style=\"color: #ffffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.macba.cat\/en\/art-artists\/artists\/gonzalez-torres-felix\/untitled-ross-harry\">F\u00e9lix Gonz\u00e1lez Torres<\/a><\/span>, starring Ross Laycock, his partner (also an AIDS victim) and the dog they shared.<\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;]<div id=\"ult-carousel-131351877469d4fa110da1e\" class=\"ult-carousel-wrapper  comi ult_horizontal\" data-gutter=\"15\" data-rtl=\"false\" ><div class=\"ult-carousel-99501369269d4fa110da08 \" >[vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4293&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Saura-Torrente, Edicions de l\u2019Eixample (designers). <em>AIDS<\/em> Case<em>. Knowing helps. A multidisciplinary educational programme for knowledge and the prevention of AIDS &#8211; Computer game. Telematics, 1994. Case with various materials, variable measures. <\/em>Museu del Disseny de Barcelona; MDB 2650. Photograph: Xavi Padr\u00f3s.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4296&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Nazario. <em>AIDS<\/em>, no date. Ink and collage on paper, 29.8 x 17.9 cm. Museu d\u2019Art de Cerdanyola. \u00a9 Nazario, VEGAP, Barcelona, 2023.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner]<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\t\t\t\tjQuery(document).ready(function ($) {\n\t\t\t\t\tif( typeof jQuery('.ult-carousel-99501369269d4fa110da08').slick == \"function\"){\n\t\t\t\t\t\t$('.ult-carousel-99501369269d4fa110da08').slick({dots: false,autoplay: true,autoplaySpeed: \"5000\",speed: \"300\",infinite: true,arrows: true,nextArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Next\" style=\"color:#333333; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-next default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-right4\"><\/i><\/button>',prevArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Previous\" style=\"color:#333333; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-prev default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-left4\"><\/i><\/button>',slidesToScroll:1,slidesToShow:1,swipe: true,draggable: true,touchMove: true,pauseOnHover: true,pauseOnFocus: false,responsive: [\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1026,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1,  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1025,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 760,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t],pauseOnDotsHover: true,customPaging: function(slider, i) {\n                   return '<i type=\"button\" style= \"color:#333333;\" class=\"ultsl-record\" data-role=\"none\"><\/i>';\n                },});\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t});\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t[vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;right&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner]<a  itemprop=\"url\" href=\"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/en\/som-qui-som-som-com-som\/#menu\" target=\"_self\" data-hover-background-color='#ffffff' data-hover-color='#000000' class=\"qbutton  enlarge\" style=\"color: #000000; \">Men\u00fa<i class=\"qode_icon_font_awesome fa fa-arrow-circle-o-up qode_button_icon_element\" style=\"color: #000000;\" ><\/i><\/a>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;102px&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=&#8221;element_from_right&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;yes&#8221; angled_section_position=&#8221;top&#8221; angled_section_direction=&#8221;from_left_to_right&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; el_id=&#8221;rosa&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1687424929093{padding-right: 10px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"second-title\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Pink, let the love be there<\/h2>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;18px&#8221;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">Fortunately, the sexual and gender dissidences represented in art have also been integrated into the field of design, often using a provocative aesthetic that seeks to question or break with the dominant forces of history, experiences or acquired knowledge. With the revolution in postmodern architecture and design, there is a call for the subjectivity owed to Pop Art and the counterculture of the time, aimed at uprooting the foundations of a wise and affluent society. Examples such as the <em>Shiva<\/em> vase, designed by Ettore Sottsass and produced by BD Barcelona since then, testify to the fact that objects can generate a kind of ambiguity \u2013a tension\u2013 when perceiving their conceptual limits and materials, raising a dissociation from what is socially accepted. This glazed ceramic vase, with its characteristic phallic profile, is a response to the priapic concept of hard, solid masculinity \u2013according to cultural imperatives specific to the media and patriarchal ideology\u2013 by associating it with the iconic pink colour that has historically symbolised the convictions and struggles for diverse LGTBIQ+ identities.<\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4299&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Ettore Sottsass (designer) i BD Barcelona (production). <em>Shiva<\/em>, 1973 (2021). Vase, s\/m. 23 x 17 x 7. Museu del Disseny de Barcelona; MDB 14048. Photograph: Estudio Rafael Vargas.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;right&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner]<a  itemprop=\"url\" href=\"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/en\/som-qui-som-som-com-som\/#menu\" target=\"_self\" data-hover-background-color='#ffffff' data-hover-color='#000000' class=\"qbutton  enlarge\" style=\"color: #000000; \">Men\u00fa<i class=\"qode_icon_font_awesome fa fa-arrow-circle-o-up qode_button_icon_element\" style=\"color: #000000;\" ><\/i><\/a>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;102px&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=&#8221;element_from_left&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;yes&#8221; angled_section_position=&#8221;top&#8221; angled_section_direction=&#8221;from_right_to_left&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1687424943776{padding-right: 10px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;92px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"second-title\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Epilogue: vindication, enjoyment and visibility<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;18px&#8221;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; el_id=&#8221;epileg&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">In <em>The Division of the Sensitive,<\/em> Jacques Ranci\u00e8re makes it clear that &#8220;politics and art, like knowledge, build \u2018fictions\u2019, i.e. material rearrangements of signs and images, of the relationships between what is done and what can be done&#8221;. That is why it is so important to pay attention to what artists and museums show us about ourselves, and also what they don&#8217;t. Because we have to continue to fight for freedom and diversity; isn&#8217;t that the foundation of a true democracy, such as that demanded by the piece <em>Design for Protest<\/em>? The reason is that we must continue to enjoy who we are and how we are \u2013\u200dthat is the invitation proffered by the sensual ornamented body of Ignasi Esteve\u2013\u200d and also because we must continue to promote initiatives that give visibility to the wealth of a group that, ultimately, embraces us all: actions such as the realisation of the work by Randomagus, created <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a style=\"color: #008000;\" href=\"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/en\/node\/236\"><em>ex professo<\/em><\/a><a style=\"color: #008000;\" href=\"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/en\/node\/236\"> for the XMAC<\/a><\/span> on the occasion of LGTBIQ+ Liberation Day 2022.<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;]<div id=\"ult-carousel-238549599769d4fa110db6f\" class=\"ult-carousel-wrapper  comi ult_horizontal\" data-gutter=\"15\" data-rtl=\"false\" ><div class=\"ult-carousel-342356005969d4fa110db58 \" >[vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4302&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">UCH-CEU Product Design Master, Jorge Mora, Carmen Guijarro, Enrique Beneyto and V\u00edctor D\u00edez. Design for Protest, 2012. Banner, variable sizes. Museu del Disseny de Barcelona; MDB 15146. Photograph: Estudio Rafael Vargas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4305&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Ignasi Esteve. <em>Penjant<\/em>, 1993. Print on fabric, 290 x 240 cm. Museu de Valls. Donation of the artist.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4308&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Randomagus. Untitled, 2022. Collage, 92 x 61.5 cm. Museu d\u2019Art de Cerdanyola.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner]<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\t\t\t\tjQuery(document).ready(function ($) {\n\t\t\t\t\tif( typeof jQuery('.ult-carousel-342356005969d4fa110db58').slick == \"function\"){\n\t\t\t\t\t\t$('.ult-carousel-342356005969d4fa110db58').slick({dots: false,autoplay: true,autoplaySpeed: \"5000\",speed: \"300\",infinite: true,arrows: true,nextArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Next\" style=\"color:#ffffff; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-next default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-right4\"><\/i><\/button>',prevArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Previous\" style=\"color:#ffffff; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-prev default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-left4\"><\/i><\/button>',slidesToScroll:1,slidesToShow:1,swipe: true,draggable: true,touchMove: true,pauseOnHover: true,pauseOnFocus: false,responsive: [\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1026,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1,  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1025,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 760,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t],pauseOnDotsHover: true,customPaging: function(slider, i) {\n                   return '<i type=\"button\" style= \"color:#333333;\" class=\"ultsl-record\" data-role=\"none\"><\/i>';\n                },});\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t});\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t[vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;right&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner]<a  itemprop=\"url\" href=\"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/en\/som-qui-som-som-com-som\/#menu\" target=\"_self\" data-hover-background-color='#000000' data-hover-border-color='#ffffff' data-hover-color='#ffffff' class=\"qbutton  enlarge\" style=\"color: #ffffff; border-color: #ffffff; \">Men\u00fa<i class=\"qode_icon_font_awesome fa fa-arrow-circle-o-up qode_button_icon_element\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\" ><\/i><\/a>[vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;yes&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;no&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; row_negative_margin=&#8221;disable_negative_margin&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#337581&#8243; padding_bottom=&#8221;0&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1687424528057{background: rgba(10,10,10,0.01) url(https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/portada.jpg?id=4149) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;*background-color: rgb(10,10,10) !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;172px&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1686818182802{padding-right: 0px !important;padding-left: px !important;}&#8221;] We Are Who We Are, We Are What We Are [\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1686818194907{padding-left: 5px !important;}&#8221;] Curators:&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4714,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"full_width.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_vp_format_video_url":"","_vp_image_focal_point":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4673","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - 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