{"id":4949,"date":"2023-06-13T16:30:39","date_gmt":"2023-06-13T14:30:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/homo-socialis-sense-restriccions\/"},"modified":"2024-07-25T09:29:46","modified_gmt":"2024-07-25T07:29:46","slug":"homo-socialis-sense-restriccions","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/en\/homo-socialis-sense-restriccions\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cHomo socialis\u201d: without restrictions"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;yes&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;no&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; row_negative_margin=&#8221;disable_negative_margin&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#337581&#8243; padding_bottom=&#8221;0&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1687417696667{background: #000000 url(https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/portadaf.jpg?id=4732) !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;museutit&#8221;][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;172px&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1686914056647{padding-right: 0px !important;padding-left: px !important;}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"text-intro\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">\u201cHomo socialis\u201d: without restrictions<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1686914088117{padding-left: 5px !important;}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Curator: Maria Gargant\u00e9 Llanes<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Number of works: 55<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Museums represented: MACBA, MNAC, Museu d\u2019Art de Cerdanyola, Museu V\u00edctor Balaguer, Museus de Sitges, Museu d\u2019Art de Girona, Museu del Disseny, Fundaci\u00f3 Palau, Museu de l\u2019Empord\u00e0, Museu de la Garrotxa, Museu d\u2019Art Modern de Tarragona, Museu de Reus, Museu de Valls, Museu Frederic Mar\u00e8s, MORERA. Museu d\u2019Art Modern i Contemporani de Lleida, Museu Dioces\u00e0 i Comarcal de Solsona, Museu Apel\u00b7les Fenosa, Museu d\u2019Art de Sabadell, Museu Abell\u00f3, Museu de Lleida, MEV Museu d\u2019Art Medieval, Museu de Manresa. <\/span><\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;152px&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;yes&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;yes&#8221; angled_section_position=&#8221;top&#8221; angled_section_direction=&#8221;from_left_to_right&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; el_id=&#8221;menu&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1687417708338{padding-right: 10px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;82px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"second-title\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Index<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;82px&#8221;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221; el_class=&#8221;enllacos&#8221; transition_delay=&#8221;30&#8243;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]<a href=\"#intro\">Introduction<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#celebracions\">Festive celebrations of a religious nature: from Corpus Christi to the Festa Major.<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#carnaval\">Carnival: between Tradition and Transgression.<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#taula\">The Joy of Sharing a Table <\/a>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]<a href=\"#plaer\">For pleasure. Let\u2019s meet in the open air<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#oci\">Social leisure. Bars and shows <\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#privacitat\">Public Privacy. Rites of Society<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#ballem\">Shall we dance?<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]<a href=\"#carrer1\">Taking the street (I). Leisure and business. <\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#carrer2\">Taking the street (II). The streets will always be ours?<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#altres\">Other meeting places<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;172px&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=&#8221;element_from_right&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;yes&#8221; angled_section_position=&#8221;top&#8221; angled_section_direction=&#8221;from_right_to_left&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; el_id=&#8221;intro&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1687425285657{padding-right: 10px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"second-title\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Introduction<\/h2>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;18px&#8221;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">The objective of this exhibition is to undertake an exercise in &#8220;looking&#8221; from our post-pandemic present, based on works from a pre-pandemic past. To see how an image as iconic and integrated into our imagination, such as a Last Supper at a Gothic table, for a year and a half became an unimaginable type of meeting or at least one that was frowned on for health and social reasons. Thus, the exhibition will not be based on a mere collection of works of art about parties, social life in bars or dining, but on the fact that all these activities were eliminated from our lives for a quite a long period in our recent history.<\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">Therefore, we begin with the &#8220;shock&#8221; of being deprived of this type of interaction and also the difficulty of &#8220;relating&#8221; again. Does the anxiety to make up for lost time coexist with a certain bitter awareness that something has been broken forever? These are some of the questions that underly our look at art through the works we have chosen.<\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">Thinkers such as Georges Bataille or \u00c9mile Durkheim defined an eminently social expression like the party as an institution that challenges the anthropological model of <em>homo economicus<\/em>, given that it pursues only individual interest, whereas a certain a social solidarity derives from every collective celebration. Thus, <em>homo festus<\/em> (the collective expression of <em>homo ludens<\/em>) would also be <em>homo socialis<\/em>.<\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">Ultimately, human interaction always determines the construction of a social reality. That is why our main objective will be for the exhibition itinerary to evoke what the pandemic deprived us of for almost two years and, at the same time, to symbolise the &#8220;recovery&#8221;, this time without restrictions.<\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;right&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner]<a  itemprop=\"url\" href=\"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/en\/homo-socialis-sense-restriccions\/#menu\" target=\"_self\" data-hover-background-color='#ffffff' data-hover-color='#000000' class=\"qbutton  enlarge\" style=\"color: #000000; \">Men\u00fa<i class=\"qode_icon_font_awesome fa fa-arrow-circle-o-up qode_button_icon_element\" style=\"color: #000000;\" ><\/i><\/a>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;102px&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=&#8221;element_from_left&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;yes&#8221; angled_section_position=&#8221;top&#8221; angled_section_direction=&#8221;from_left_to_right&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#e2e2e2&#8243; el_id=&#8221;celebracions&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1687418690766{padding-right: 10px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;92px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"maria\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Festive celebrations of a religious nature:<br \/>\nfrom Corpus Christi to the Festa Major.<\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;18px&#8221;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Religious festivals have traditionally had a public dimension, expressed in aspects such as processions that, in the case of Corpus Christi or Holy Week , become the central event. The procession had to be a reflection of the maintenance of social order, so it was about involving all the locality\u2019s important social agents in order to create their best &#8220;showcase&#8221;.<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>The configuration of these urban retinues corresponds to a model of celebration that regulates and structures the festival: the space is defined by an itinerary along which the festive characters move. It is worth noting that the Church increasingly distanced itself from the presence of the festive entourage in religious processions, so that in the 19<sup>th<\/sup> century a separation occurred. This means that today, elements such as giants or mythical bestiary are associated with a more secular concept of <em>Festa Major<\/em> (patron saint\u2019s day festival). Nevertheless, the most recent recovery of historic festive processions reintegrates them into their original function.<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;]<div id=\"ult-carousel-2073792269dea55962054\" class=\"ult-carousel-wrapper  comi ult_horizontal\" data-gutter=\"15\" data-rtl=\"false\" ><div class=\"ult-carousel-365356887369dea55961f91 \" >[vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4449&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]Felip Mas\u00f3 i de Falp. <em>The Procession of Saint Bartholemew<\/em>, 1884. Oil on canvas, 115 x 218 cm. Museu de Maricel (Sitges), Cau Ferrat Collection.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titol3\">Felip Mas\u00f3 i de Falp. <em>The Procession of Saint Bartholemew<\/em>,<\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitol3\">This work was presented with the title of The Procession of Saint Bartholemew, whose image can be seen encircled on the left of the composition. However, there are dubious aspects that suggest that the painter created a synthesis between what would have been a procession dedicated to the patron saint of Sitges, accompanied by colourful guild flags, and the great &#8220;festival of festivals&#8221; that would have been Corpus Christi, given that at the end of the street on the left you can intuit the presence of the monstrance under the canopy. On the right, stick dancers move to the music of the flageolet and spectators watch the entourage from the street or the decorated balconies adorned with damasks.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4452&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]Lola Anglada. <em>The Moixiganga of Sitges<\/em>, 1970. Panel of 25 polychrome ceramic tiles, 62 x 68 x 3.5 cm. Museus de Sitges (Vila de Sitges Art Collection).[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titol3\">Lola Anglada: <em>The Moixiganga of Sitges<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitol3\">Lola Anglada had a very intense relationship with Sitges where she lived for two years at the beginning of the 1960s. She maintained a close intellectual link with the town until at least 1975, illustrating several programmes for the Corpus Christi festivities and the <em>Festa Major<\/em>. In addition to donating her collection of dolls and toys to the town, she made several ceramic panels like this one dedicated to the <em>Moixiganga<\/em> (a representational folk dance), probably the most characteristic element of the Sitges festive entourage, which includes Giants, a Dragon and Devils, as well as Stick, Hoop and Little Shepherd dances.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4455&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]Ester Ferrando: <em>Virgin of Mercy Festival<\/em>, 2007. Poster. Digital print on paper, 36 x 30.5 cm. MAMT, Museu d\u2019Art Modern de Tarragona.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titol3\">Ester Ferrando: <em>Virgin of Mercy Festival<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitol3\">The Virgin of Mercy is the Marian devotion par excellence and patron saint of the town of Reus. Antoni Gaud\u00ed was a great devotee. On the poster for the 2007 saint\u2019s day festival, Ester Ferrando wanted to reproduce the delicate floral motif embroidery on one of the mantles of the image of the Virgin, which are one of its most characteristic elements symbolising a protective mantle for the faithful and which they change according to the liturgical period. The poster, however, was not selected by the town council and the artist produced a limited edition of seventy-five copies.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4458&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]Modest Urgell i Inglada: <em>Dance of the Giants at Night<\/em>, last quarter of the 19<sup>th<\/sup> century-early 20<sup>th<\/sup> Oil on canvas. Museu de la Garrotxa.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titol3\">Modest Urgell i Inglada: <em>Dance of the Giants at Night<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitol3\">Olot\u2019s giants are among the oldest documented in Catalonia (the giant from 1521 and the giantess from 1609). We believe they were successively renewed throughout the centuries. Ramon Amadeu is credited with remaking the heads at the beginning of the 19<sup>th<\/sup> century. In 1889, Miquel Blay made the head of the giant and Celet\u00ed Devesa that of the giantess. Modest Urgell painted\u00a0 them parading through one of the narrow streets of Olot old town in a nocturnal atmosphere. The presence of the giants was initially limited to the feast of Corpus Christi, but was later extended to the patron saint festivals that, in Olot, were dedicated to the Virgin of Tura.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4461&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]Giovanni Antonio Canal (Canaletto), <em>Return of \u201cIl Bucintoro\u201d on Ascension Day<\/em>, 1745-1750. Museu Nacional d\u2019Art de Catalunya, Thyssen-Bornemisza Collection on loan to the Museu Nacional d\u2019Art de Catalunya, 2004. \u00a9 Picture: Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titol3\">Giovanni Antonio Canal (Canaletto), <em>Return of \u201cIl Bucintoro\u201d on Ascension Day<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitol3\">This view depicts the festival of the Ascension (or &#8220;Sensa&#8221;), when a kind of &#8220;symbolic union&#8221; was staged between Venice and the sea, the source of its prosperity. The ducal vessel <em>Il<\/em> <em>Bucintoro<\/em> went out onto the open sea and, once there, the Doge threw a ring into the water as a symbol of alliance. This scene shows the vessel returning to the dock after performing this unique ceremony. Antonio Canal, better known as &#8220;Il Canaletto&#8221;, was the visual chronicler par excellence of these pageants, which constituted a festive &#8220;postcard&#8221; of a city that had already lost its 16<sup>th<\/sup>-century splendour, but still revelled in sensuality and pleasure, living its particular &#8220;swan song&#8221; before the Old Regime crumbled.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4464&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]Oleguer Junyent, <em>Corpus (Girona)<\/em>, 1927. Museu Nacional d\u2019Art de Catalunya, Purchased at the Barcelona International Exhibition, 1929; entered the collection 1931. Photo: Museu Nacional d\u2019Art de Catalunya, Barcelona, 2023; \u00a9 The author or his heirs.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titol3\">Oleguer Junyent, <em>Corpus (Girona)<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitol3\">Oleguer Junyent was a great chronicler who bequeathed us colourful scenes of festive events, leisure activities and markets. In this case we have a privileged view of the magnificent steps of Girona Cathedral as they become the liturgical stage for the departure of the solemn Corpus Christi procession. The first to descend the stairs of the see are the acolytes with the <em>tintinnabulum<\/em> \u2013a wooden insignia with a bell\u2013 and the <em>conopaeum<\/em> or papal pavilion, which is a kind of conical umbrella with the pontifical colours that serves to protect the tabernacle. Next comes the monstrance under the <em>pali<\/em>. On either side of the staircase there are spectators who do not want to miss the spectacle, which Oleguer Junyent, as a renowned scenographer, must have particularly valued, even more so as the whole of the cathedral fa\u00e7ade and the staircase formed a superb baroque scenography.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner]<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\t\t\t\tjQuery(document).ready(function ($) {\n\t\t\t\t\tif( typeof jQuery('.ult-carousel-365356887369dea55961f91').slick == \"function\"){\n\t\t\t\t\t\t$('.ult-carousel-365356887369dea55961f91').slick({dots: false,autoplay: true,autoplaySpeed: \"5000\",speed: \"300\",infinite: true,arrows: true,nextArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Next\" style=\"color:#333333; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-next default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-right4\"><\/i><\/button>',prevArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Previous\" style=\"color:#333333; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-prev default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-left4\"><\/i><\/button>',slidesToScroll:1,slidesToShow:1,swipe: true,draggable: true,touchMove: true,pauseOnHover: true,pauseOnFocus: false,responsive: [\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1026,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1,  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1025,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 760,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t],pauseOnDotsHover: true,customPaging: function(slider, i) {\n                   return '<i type=\"button\" style= \"color:#333333;\" class=\"ultsl-record\" data-role=\"none\"><\/i>';\n                },});\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t});\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t[vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;right&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner]<a  itemprop=\"url\" href=\"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/en\/homo-socialis-sense-restriccions\/\" target=\"_self\" data-hover-background-color='#ffffff' data-hover-color='#000000' class=\"qbutton  enlarge\" style=\"color: #000000; \">Menu<i class=\"qode_icon_font_awesome fa fa-arrow-circle-o-up qode_button_icon_element\" style=\"color: #000000;\" ><\/i><\/a>[vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=&#8221;element_from_right&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;yes&#8221; angled_section_position=&#8221;top&#8221; angled_section_direction=&#8221;from_right_to_left&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#007882&#8243; anchor=&#8221;dramatisme&#8221; el_id=&#8221;carnaval&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1687418707230{padding-right: 10px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"maria\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Carnival: between Tradition and Transgression.<\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;18px&#8221;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Carnival or <em>Carnestoltes<\/em> (&#8220;meat off&#8221;, if we adapt it from <em>carne levare<\/em> <\/strong><strong>\u2013<\/strong><strong>remove meat<\/strong><strong>\u2013<\/strong><strong> from the Latin or <em>carnes tollendas<\/em>, which would have the same meaning), has always been associated with an extreme vitalist sense of \u201ctaking advantage\u201d, with the praxis of excess and transgression of the days before the beginning of Lent. The ancestral opportunity to subvert the established order, to \u201cdisguise\u201d in the original sense of misleading or leaving no trace; being able to be someone else, being able to turn fate and the world upside down for an instant.<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>The 2020 Carnival took place very shortly before\u00a0 our world was \u201cshut down\u201d, although Italy, which was the first European country to suffer the ravages of the virus, had already suspended the Venice Carnival that same year, when the country\u2019s northern regions were the most affected. Rio de Janeiro suspended the 2021 carnival, especially the street celebrations, and the Venetian carnival was &#8220;streamed&#8221;. In our country, the most emblematic carnivals were also affected. Vilanova&#8217;s was experienced through social media and the <em>Canal Blau<\/em>, although the street decoration was not renounced. In Sitges, the processions were cancelled and exhibitions and street decorations were promoted. These were atypical carnivals full of longing for those who experience them intensively every year.<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;]<div id=\"ult-carousel-108948058369dea5596218d\" class=\"ult-carousel-wrapper  comi ult_horizontal\" data-gutter=\"15\" data-rtl=\"false\" ><div class=\"ult-carousel-247604155769dea55962173 \" >[vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4490&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]Joaquim Mir: <em>The Comparses of Vilanova<\/em>, 1925-1926. Oil on canvas, 149 x 201 cm. Biblioteca Museu V\u00edctor Balaguer.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titol3\">Joaquim Mir: <em>The Comparses of Vilanova<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitol3\">Mir settled in Vilanova i la Geltr\u00fa when he married a girl from the town, Maria Estadella. This work is part of a series of 16 paintings that decorated the Foment Vilanov\u00ed Caf\u00e9 and that he made with other artists from the city. From an elevated perspective that suggests it was painted from a balcony, his lively, unfettered brushwork reflects the festive atmosphere of the Pla\u00e7a de les Cols, when the dancers of the <em>comparses<\/em> engage in the traditional candy battle, a highlight of one of Catalonia\u2019s most emblematic carnival celebrations. The men wear scarves, waistcoats or jackets specific to each entity, while their female partners wear carnations and the so-called \u201cManila shawls&#8221;. Like almost every party or social event, participation in <em>comparses<\/em> could also be a magnificent occasion for courtship rituals. It is one of the most extraordinary moments in Vilanova\u2019s festive season.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4493&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]Josep Badia: <em>Carnival in Sant Pere de Terrassa<\/em>, 1981. Engraving. Etching, on paper, 39.5 x 51 cm. MAMT, Museu d\u2019Art Modern de Tarragona.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titol3\">Josep Badia: <em>Carnival in Sant Pere de Terrassa<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitol3\">Seven masked figures, just a little grotesque, seem to be entering stealthily but transgressively into the sacred precinct of the old parish of Sant Pere de Terrassa, today corresponding to the whole of the Seu d&#8217;\u00c8gara. The space is bordered by a wall, with a gate presided over by a cross. In the background there is a figure, probably a priest, judging by the black hat and clothing, in contrast to another figure in white that seems also to have entered the compound. The disturbing, stealthy aspect of the characters is aligned with the inclination of the trees.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4496&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]Giandomenico Tiepolo, <em>The Charlatan<\/em>, 1756. Museu Nacional d\u2019Art de Catalunya. Bequest of Francesc Camb\u00f3, 1949. \u00a9 Museu Nacional d\u2019Art de Catalunya, Barcelona, .[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titol3\">Giandomenico Tiepolo, <em>The Charlatan<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitol3\">This work is paired with &#8220;The Minuet&#8221;, both being scenes of customs related to the Venetian carnival, the most famous in all of Europe and which was already well known in the 18<sup>th<\/sup> century. Giandomenico Tiepolo painted several works on the subject (some satirical) in which he often featured the archetypal characters of the <em>Commedia dell&#8217;arte<\/em>, all far removed from the grandiloquent muralism of his father, Giambattista Tiepolo.<br \/>\nIn this scene, the crowd is gathered round a person who is addressing them from the top of a wooden platform. Both humble and elegant characters, most of them masked, share the same space with the presence of creatures and animals forming a true genre scheme.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4499&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]Apel\u00b7les Mestres: <em>Invitation to the Latorre Society Ball<\/em>, 1882. Museu Frederic Mar\u00e8s.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titol3\">Apel\u00b7les Mestres: <em>Invitation to the Latorre Society Ball<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitol3\">That of illustrator was one of Apel\u00b7les Mestres\u2019 many artistic facets. In this case he designed the invitation to a masked ball. These were usually organised during Carnival and were the gateway to new fashionable dances in the city, as well as new instruments, such as the saxophone. The Romea i Latorre Society \u2013named after two of the most famous Spanish actors of the 14<sup>th<\/sup> century, Juli\u00e1n Romea and Carlos Latorre\u2013 was the main organiser of these masked balls. They were mainly held in the Liceu and the so-called Teatro de las Provincias, the latter of which would later be called Romea as a tribute to the actor of the same name.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4502&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]Joan Brossa,\u00a0<em>The Joy of the Party<\/em>, 1989. Metal and paper on wood, 14 x 34.8 x 29.8 cm. MACBA Collection. MACBA Consortium. Joan Brossa Collection. On loan from the Joan Brossa Foundation. \u00a9 Fundaci\u00f3 Joan Brossa, VEGAP, Barcelona. Photo: Mart\u00ed Gasull.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titol3\">Joan Brossa,\u00a0<em>The Joy of the Party<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitol3\">Colourful &#8220;streamers&#8221; are associated with parties, especially New Year&#8217;s Eve and Carnival or masked dances. In this visual poem by Joan Brossa the streamers are piled up on a carpenter&#8217;s plane, as if they were wood shavings. Perhaps they evoke the end of the party, which is also the end of the joy, which would also be reduced to shavings, who knows if eventually to end up in the rubbish. Ephemeral serpentines, like the party as an exceptional moment; everything is ephemeral and fleeting, like the joy that passes.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner]<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\t\t\t\tjQuery(document).ready(function ($) {\n\t\t\t\t\tif( typeof jQuery('.ult-carousel-247604155769dea55962173').slick == \"function\"){\n\t\t\t\t\t\t$('.ult-carousel-247604155769dea55962173').slick({dots: false,autoplay: true,autoplaySpeed: \"5000\",speed: \"300\",infinite: true,arrows: true,nextArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Next\" style=\"color:#333333; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-next default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-right4\"><\/i><\/button>',prevArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Previous\" style=\"color:#333333; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-prev default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-left4\"><\/i><\/button>',slidesToScroll:1,slidesToShow:1,swipe: true,draggable: true,touchMove: true,pauseOnHover: true,pauseOnFocus: false,responsive: [\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1026,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1,  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1025,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 760,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t],pauseOnDotsHover: true,customPaging: function(slider, i) {\n                   return '<i type=\"button\" style= \"color:#333333;\" class=\"ultsl-record\" data-role=\"none\"><\/i>';\n                },});\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t});\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t[vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;right&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner]<a  itemprop=\"url\" href=\"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/en\/homo-socialis-sense-restriccions\/#menu\" target=\"_self\" data-hover-background-color='#ffffff' data-hover-color='#000000' class=\"qbutton  enlarge\" style=\"color: #000000; \">Menu<i class=\"qode_icon_font_awesome fa fa-arrow-circle-o-up qode_button_icon_element\" style=\"color: #000000;\" ><\/i><\/a>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;102px&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=&#8221;element_from_left&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;yes&#8221; angled_section_position=&#8221;top&#8221; angled_section_direction=&#8221;from_right_to_left&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; el_id=&#8221;taula&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1687418724627{padding-right: 10px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;92px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"maria\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">The Joy of Sharing a Table <\/span><\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;18px&#8221;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>One of the aspects most affected by the pandemic was the collective meals or get-togethers that involved gathering round a table to share a meal. Such social gatherings had to be reduced to the so-called &#8220;bubbles&#8221;, which were limited to your closest family or the people with whom you had the closest contact. They could not contain more than six people, except for festive Christmas meals, when ten diners were allowed, although from a maximum of two family bubbles. This led to the cancellation of many Christmas lunches and dinners and consequently there were no passionate family discussions or meals with friends and colleagues for the major holidays. From time to time in the media we read of an occasional transgression of the rules by a clandestine group meal that immediately resulted into a rise in contagion or an increase in admissions to the intensive care wards. Restaurants were closed: initially throughout the day and then at night, when sharing a table normally lasts until the wee hours and we already know the dangers that night-time has always brought in the imaginary of law and order.<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;]<div id=\"ult-carousel-398601963969dea559622ae\" class=\"ult-carousel-wrapper  comi ult_horizontal\" data-gutter=\"15\" data-rtl=\"false\" ><div class=\"ult-carousel-158290322269dea55962295 \" >[vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4505&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Joan Abell\u00f3: <em>Friends at Dinner<\/em>, 1951. Oil on canvas, 146 x 200 cm. Museu Abell\u00f3.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titolb3\">Joan Abell\u00f3: <em>Friends at Dinner<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitolb3\">This work recalls the corporate portraits by the 17<sup>th<\/sup>-century Dutch painter Frans Hals of the officers of the Civic Company of St George in Haarlem, especially the one from 1616, in which the characters are shown around a well-stocked table, which could in itself be an excellent example of a still life.Joan Abell\u00f3 himself is believed to be a member of the group of identifiable characters portrayed. He appears at the bottom right, partially reclining in a chair, holding a glass of wine in one hand while playing with some cherries and his ear with the other, thus creating a curious self-portrait.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4508&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Pere Teixidor (attributed): <em>Holy Supper<\/em>, c. 1450. Painting on board. Museu Dioces\u00e0 i Comarcal de Solsona.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titolb3\">Pere Teixidor (attributed): <em>Holy Supper<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitolb3\">The Bible contains numerous episodes involving communal meals. Just in the New Testament, we find at least three crucial occasions during the life of Christ: the wedding in Canaan, the Holy Supper and the Last Supper before his arrest and crucifixion, or the supper at Emmaus, once he had risen. Of these, the most emblematic is the Last Supper, a motif widely represented in Christian religious iconography from very early times. Although we cannot confirm its exact provenance, this Holy Supper from Santa Constan\u00e7a de Linya is exceptional due to the display of Valencian ceramic tableware depicted in it.\u00a0 This aroused the interest of the great collector of ceramics Guillermo de Osma, who sought, ultimately without success, to purchase it.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4511&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Miralda, Holy Food, 1984-1989. Diverse materials. Variable sizes. MACBA Collection. On loan from the Generalitat de Catalunya. National Art Collection. \u00a9 Miralda, VEGAP, Barcelona. Photo: Rafael Vargas.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titolb3\">Miralda,\u00a0<em>Holy Food<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitolb3\">An installation in which food takes on a sacred nature and occupies a privileged place in each of the seven altars dedicated to the deities of the Yoruba religion \u2013the so-called &#8220;Orix\u00e0s&#8221;\u2013 from the West African coast. They are also present in other religious variants of African origin but established in the Americas, such as Candombl\u00e9, Umbanda and Batuque. These cults that were taken by slaves to the United States, Cuba, Haiti, Brazil, etc. A common denominator of these transcultural forms is the importance of food in rituality and as one of the most emblematic forms of celebration, here carefully arranged in different objects and receptacles.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4514&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Xavier Nogu\u00e9s: <em>Tiles for the Pinell de Brai Winery<\/em>, c. 1920. Painted glazed tile, 53 x 286 cm. Museu de Valls. Donated by Maria Martinell.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titolb3\">Xavier Nogu\u00e9s: <em>Tiles for the Pinell de Brai Winery<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitolb3\">Five men sitting around a table and a sixth standing, apparently drunk and holding on to a tree. It is a meal in the open air, under a vine, with wine is an essential feature; a large wine glass presides over the still life on the table. The work was made to be part of the decoration of the cooperative winery of Pinell de Brai, designed by C\u00e9sar Martinell. It is an evocation of the Mediterranean world with the aesthetic of <em>Noucentisme<\/em>, although with Xavier Nogu\u00e9s\u2019 customary touch of humour and satire.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4517&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Passoles Studio (attributed): <em>The Chocolate Party<\/em>, 1710. Polychrome ceramic tile panel. Museu del Disseny. Photograph: Guillem Fern\u00e1ndez-Huerta.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titolb3\">Passoles Studio (attributed): <em>The Chocolate Party<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitolb3\">This ceramic panel comes from the Ca les Monges estate in Alella, which the nobleman Francesc Amat i Planella acquired in 1709, in the midst of the War of the Spanish Succession. One of the reforms he undertook there was to build the Fountain of Health pavilion, where water gushed from a spring. He had it decorated with a series of panels combining profane and religious motifs. The panels dedicated to the Our Lady of Health and &#8220;The Thin&#8221; and &#8220;The Fat&#8221; are still in situ. It is a courtly scene taking place in a contemporary Italian garden or terrace of the time, with its gazebos and a fountain in the middle and where some of the attendees are drinking chocolate around a table. Cacao arrived in Spain from America in the 16th century, then spread to the rest of Europe, although it was not until the 18th century that it became a gastronomic fad, especially among the wealthy classes.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner]<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\t\t\t\tjQuery(document).ready(function ($) {\n\t\t\t\t\tif( typeof jQuery('.ult-carousel-158290322269dea55962295').slick == \"function\"){\n\t\t\t\t\t\t$('.ult-carousel-158290322269dea55962295').slick({dots: false,autoplay: true,autoplaySpeed: \"5000\",speed: \"300\",infinite: true,arrows: true,nextArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Next\" style=\"color:#ffffff; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-next default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-right4\"><\/i><\/button>',prevArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Previous\" style=\"color:#ffffff; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-prev default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-left4\"><\/i><\/button>',slidesToScroll:1,slidesToShow:1,swipe: true,draggable: true,touchMove: true,pauseOnHover: true,pauseOnFocus: false,responsive: [\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1026,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1,  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1025,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 760,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t],pauseOnDotsHover: true,customPaging: function(slider, i) {\n                   return '<i type=\"button\" style= \"color:#333333;\" class=\"ultsl-record\" data-role=\"none\"><\/i>';\n                },});\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t});\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t[vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;right&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner]<a  itemprop=\"url\" href=\"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/en\/homo-socialis-sense-restriccions\/#menu\" target=\"_self\" data-hover-background-color='#000000' data-hover-border-color='#ffffff' data-hover-color='#ffffff' class=\"qbutton  enlarge\" style=\"color: #ffffff; border-color: #ffffff; \">Menu<i class=\"qode_icon_font_awesome fa fa-arrow-circle-o-up qode_button_icon_element\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\" ><\/i><\/a>[vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=&#8221;element_from_right&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;yes&#8221; angled_section_position=&#8221;top&#8221; angled_section_direction=&#8221;from_left_to_right&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; el_id=&#8221;plaer&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1687418750389{padding-right: 10px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"maria\" style=\"text-align: center;\">For pleasure. Let\u2019s meet in the open air<\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;18px&#8221;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><strong>When the lockdown measures began to be relaxed, coinciding with the arrival of summer, outdoor gatherings became the most sought-after expression of freedom. In some towns, the opening of swimming pools was postponed and access to beaches was restricted to avoid overcrowding. Social distancing and control measures were imposed and drones were used to ensure they were respected. Young people in particular began to seek alternative spaces to escape this strict control that they perceived as arbitrary. They began to discover waterfalls, streams and ponds where they could meet and cool off. There was a kind of &#8220;rediscovery&#8221; of the surroundings for recreational purposes, from picnics to nocturnal <em>botellones<\/em> (outdoor drinking parties), with a single goal: a feeling of freedom.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><strong>The selected pictures capture the spirit of enjoying the outdoors, along the lines explained by A. De Saint-\u00c9xupery in <em>Letter to a Hostage<\/em> (1948): \u201cIt was a good sun. Its warmth bathed the poplars on the other bank and the plain, all the way to the horizon. We felt increasing happiness, without knowing why. (\u2026) We were totally at peace, immersed, far from the disorder, in a definitive civilisation.\u201d<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;]<div id=\"ult-carousel-353850230869dea559623a9\" class=\"ult-carousel-wrapper  comi ult_horizontal\" data-gutter=\"15\" data-rtl=\"false\" ><div class=\"ult-carousel-279307468969dea55962393 \" >[vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4521&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]Josep Pey, Antoni Serra, Joan Carreras, <em>Afternoon Tea in the Countryside<\/em>, around 1905-1906. Museu Nacional d\u2019Art de Catalunya, Purchased in 1967. Photo: Museu Nacional d\u2019Art de Catalunya, 2023; \u00a9 Gaspar Salinas Ramon.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titol3\">Josep Pey, Antoni Serra, Joan Carreras, <em>Afternoon Tea in the Countryside<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitol3\">This work reproduces one of the six mosaic panels \u2013a technique recovered by <em>Modernisme<\/em>\u2013 made for the main hall of Casa Lle\u00f3 Morera by Llu\u00eds Dom\u00e8nech i Montaner. The drawing of the panel was by the painter Josep Pey i Farriol, the plaster models by the sculptor and wood carver Joan Carreras i Farr\u00e9, and the heads and hands in porcelain bas-relief by the ceramist and painter Antoni Serra i Fiter, all collaborators of furniture maker Gaspar Homar. <em>Afternoon Tea in the Countryside<\/em> refers to the popularity of the so-called &#8220;springs&#8221;, one of the most popular of which in the Barcelona area was Collserola. With great decorative spirit, the other panels in the house also reproduced bucolic country scenes populated by the same type of elegantly dressed bourgeois characters. The female figures in this landscape context are somewhat reminiscent of the so-called &#8220;Ladies of Cerdanyola&#8221; depicted in stained glass.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4524&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]Josep de Togores i Llach: <em>Three Nudes<\/em>, 1924. Oil on canvas, 130 x 98 cm. Museu d\u2019Art de Cerdanyola (on loan from the Museu Nacional d\u2019Art de Catalunya).[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titol3\">Josep de Togores i Llach: <em>Three Nudes<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitol3\">One of Josep de Togores\u2019 most emblematic works. It was accompanied by controversy due to the fact that it had been rejected by the Board of Museums, which found it immoral (despite it having been acquired by public subscription). Finally, the painting was admitted but with the new, more allegorical title of <em>Spring of Life<\/em>. It depicts three voluptuous figures (in line with the nineteenth-century ideal of beauty) who are conversing near a tree. We do not know the gender of the figure with their back to us. Is it a man or a woman? This ambiguity, as well as its extraordinary modernity \u2013the hairstyles are from the period\u2013 surely contributed to fuelling the controversy about the &#8220;immorality&#8221; of the work that, on the other hand, evokes a demand for freedom on all levels.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4527&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]Llu\u00eds Trepat i Padr\u00f3: <em>Nuns on the Beach<\/em>, 1965. Oil on canvas, 60 x 91.8 cm. MORERA. Museu d\u2019Art Modern i contemporani de Lleida collection.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titol3\">Llu\u00eds Trepat i Padr\u00f3: <em>Nuns on the Beach<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitol3\">Thanks to the energetic brushwork of the painter from T\u00e0rrega, Llu\u00eds Trepat, we can watch these nuns strolling by the sea from an elevated position, in the same way as Jep Gambardella contemplates the nuns enjoying themselves in the courtyard of the convent he sees from his Roman terrace in <em>La Grande Bellezza<\/em> by Paolo Sorrentino. Or the (personal) memory of the distant view of young nuns playing with bales of straw from the recently mowed fields around Cervera. The walk is an evocation of freedom, which was only allowed \u2013and even then for set time slots\u2013 after two months of reclusion. Robert Walser writes: &#8220;Walking, I answered, is essential for me to revive myself and to maintain contact with the world, [&#8230;] Without walking and without the contemplation of nature that goes with it, without this search as delightful as it is instructive, I feel lost, and indeed I am.\u201d<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4533&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]Joan Padern i Faig: <em>Lunch on the Grass<\/em>, 1977. Oil on canvas, 97.5 x 130 cm. Museu de l\u2019Empord\u00e0.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titol3\">Joan Padern i Faig: <em>Lunch on the Grass<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitol3\">Here, Joan Padern paraphrases Manet&#8217;s painting (a paradigm of enjoyment <em>\u00e0 plein air<\/em>), taking the characters and placing them in a bucolic environment, an immense waste dump, while several skyscrapers emerge in the background. Arcadia lost and exchanged for a disturbing reality, which the painter reflects in other works, also in the Museu de l&#8217;Empord\u00e0, such as <em>The Drama<\/em> or <em>Consumer Society<\/em> (both from 1978). This type of bleak, apocalyptic landscape contrasts with the silence and placidity (but without the warmth) of <em>The Kitchen of Vilamaniscle<\/em> (1982).<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4536&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]\u00c1ngeles Santos Torroella: <em>The Earth<\/em>, 1929. Oil on canvas, 69 x 83 cm. Museu de l\u2019Empord\u00e0.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titol3\">\u00c1ngeles Santos Torroella: <em>The Earth<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitol3\">Painted at the same time as the more famous and celebrated <em>A World<\/em>, <em>The Earth<\/em> is also the representation of a planet from the unique perspective of the artist, who pays her particular tribute to <em>The Garden of Earthly Delights<\/em> by Hieronymus Bosch. Behind a first impression of biblical bucolicism there is something disturbing in the uniformity of the clothing (dark green for the men, red for the women), the attitude of some of the figures, such as the woman who lies as if she were dead, etc. As in what seems harmonious and even na\u00efve there is room for restlessness: from Aldous Huxley&#8217;s <em>A Brave New World<\/em> to Poussin&#8217;s <em>Et in Arcadia Ego<\/em>. Even so, a couple kisses, another strolls, and others lean on the metal sphere that recalls the lovers in Bosch&#8217;s <em>Garden<\/em>, sitting in a bubble or chrysalis.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4539&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]Apel\u00b7les Fenosa: <em>Metamorphosis of the Sisters of Phaethon<\/em>, 1950. Bronze, 235 x 152 x 131 cm. Museu Apel\u00b7les Fenosa, el Vendrell.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titol3\">Apel\u00b7les Fenosa: <em>Metamorphosis of the Sisters of Phaethon<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitol3\">Fenosa depicts this mythological episode by placing the four female figures in a circle, like the breasts of Four Graces (instead of three). Their raised arms become tree branches that recall other episodes of metamorphosis, such as that of the nymph Daphne, recreated masterfully by Bernini. In any case, if we strip the group of the mythological content of the story, the result is a beautiful feminine evocation (in a group and in a relationship) with nature.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner]<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\t\t\t\tjQuery(document).ready(function ($) {\n\t\t\t\t\tif( typeof jQuery('.ult-carousel-279307468969dea55962393').slick == \"function\"){\n\t\t\t\t\t\t$('.ult-carousel-279307468969dea55962393').slick({dots: false,autoplay: true,autoplaySpeed: \"5000\",speed: \"300\",infinite: true,arrows: true,nextArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Next\" style=\"color:#333333; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-next default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-right4\"><\/i><\/button>',prevArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Previous\" style=\"color:#333333; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-prev default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-left4\"><\/i><\/button>',slidesToScroll:1,slidesToShow:1,swipe: true,draggable: true,touchMove: true,pauseOnHover: true,pauseOnFocus: false,responsive: [\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1026,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1,  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1025,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 760,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t],pauseOnDotsHover: true,customPaging: function(slider, i) {\n                   return '<i type=\"button\" style= \"color:#333333;\" class=\"ultsl-record\" data-role=\"none\"><\/i>';\n                },});\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t});\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t[vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;right&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner]<a  itemprop=\"url\" href=\"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/en\/homo-socialis-sense-restriccions\/\" target=\"_self\" data-hover-background-color='#ffffff' data-hover-color='#000000' class=\"qbutton  enlarge\" style=\"color: #000000; \">Menu<i class=\"qode_icon_font_awesome fa fa-arrow-circle-o-up qode_button_icon_element\" style=\"color: #000000;\" ><\/i><\/a>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;102px&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=&#8221;element_from_left&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;yes&#8221; angled_section_position=&#8221;top&#8221; angled_section_direction=&#8221;from_right_to_left&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#007882&#8243; anchor=&#8221;dramatisme&#8221; el_id=&#8221;oci&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1687418777027{padding-right: 10px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"maria\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Social leisure. Bars and shows <\/span><\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;18px&#8221;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>Bars, the focal point of an important part of social leisure, were among the most missed establishments during the strict lockdown and those on which the focus was placed once the restrictions began to be lifted. Use of the terraces was restricted (no group or table could exceed six people) and night-time opening was not allowed. In short, we experienced the alteration of what some urban planners and sociologists call the &#8220;Third Space&#8221;, that of socialisation.<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>On the other hand, &#8220;Culture is Safe&#8221; was the slogan most repeated by professionals and businesspeople linked to the performing arts. Despite it having been shown that going to the theatre was not a source of contagion <\/strong><strong>\u2013<\/strong><strong>the capacity limitations, social distancing and hygiene measures were scrupulously observed in most cases<\/strong><strong>\u2013<\/strong><strong> it was a sector severely punished by prolonged closures. Why were the scapegoats those spaces where people tend to be happy?<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;]<div id=\"ult-carousel-7772088569dea55962496\" class=\"ult-carousel-wrapper  comi ult_horizontal\" data-gutter=\"15\" data-rtl=\"false\" ><div class=\"ult-carousel-94058346469dea5596247f \" >[vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4545&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_text]<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Jaume Pons Mart\u00ed: <em>The Caf\u00e8\u00a0de\u00a0la Vila\u00a0in the Pla\u00e7a\u00a0del Vi,\u00a0Girona<\/em>, 1877.\u00a0Museu d\u2019Art de Girona.\u00a0Girona Provincial Government Collection. Photo: R. Bosch.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titolb3\">Jaume Pons Mart\u00ed: <em>The Caf\u00e8\u00a0de\u00a0la Vila\u00a0in the Pla\u00e7a\u00a0del Vi<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitolb\">The interior of an emblematic venue\u00a0 for Girona&#8217;s intellectual universe, sadly no longer with us; a place where gatherings were held to discuss the concerns that hovered over the turbulent end of the 19<sup>th<\/sup> century. We also note, however, that the male presence constitutes an absolute majority, as was the norm in such settings at that time. The presence of women (at least those who wished to appear &#8220;respectable&#8221;) in cafes or bars was forbidden, a custom maintained well into the 20<sup>th<\/sup> century. In fact, the only woman represented in the whole place is the waitress, already a profession with a more than dubious reputation. In any case, the bar as a meeting place or a refuge was one of the most missed elements during the strictest lockdown of the first months.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4548&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_text]<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Josep Llovera Bufill, <em>Flamenco Dance<\/em>, 1892-1896. Painting on canvas, 104 x 159 cm, Museu de Reus (on loan from the Museu Nacional d\u2019Art de Catalunya).<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titolb3\">Josep Llovera Bufill, <em>Flamenco Dance<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitolb3\">The scene depicts a show at the Ed\u00e9n Concert, a &#8220;music hall&#8221; on Carrer Nou de la Rambla, near Avinguda del Paral\u00b7lel, until recently an emblematic area of Barcelona nightlife. This theatre was one of the first of its type, as well as one of the longest surviving. In this case, the show is flamenco dancing. There are several women on stage, dancing and clapping, while one of them is served a drink by a waiter. They are accompanied by musicians playing guitars. Among the audience are soldiers toasting and men and women (some also dressed in flamenco style) laughing and drinking. It should be borne in mind that the presence of women at this type of show \u2013which did not have the &#8220;seriousness&#8221; of an opera theatre such as the Liceu\u2013 led to them being labelled as &#8220;morally distracted&#8221;, to quote one of the many euphemisms used to describe women who, far from confining themselves to the domestic sphere, transcended it to share male leisure spaces.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4551&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_text]<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Rafael Benet: <em>The Terrace or the Shade<\/em>, 1946. Oil on canvas, 27 x 35 cm. Biblioteca Museu V\u00edctor Balaguer.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titolb3\">Rafael Benet: <em>The Terrace or the Shade<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitolb3\">Bar terraces became one of the most coveted places to socialise once the health measures had been relaxed. This scene corresponds to the terrace of the Caf\u00e8 de&#8217;n Biel, an emblematic establishment in Tossa de Mar, where artistic and literary gatherings were organised. Rafael Benet himself defined Tossa as the &#8220;Babel of the Arts&#8221; and it was where he and others came up with the idea of establishing a museum in the town. It opened on 1 September 1935 and was nourished in part by that cosmopolitan and effervescent artistic atmosphere. Rafael Benet, who was known especially for his theoretical and art critic facet, defined himself as &#8220;a painter who writes&#8221; and depicted the atmosphere of the Cafe de&#8217;n Biel at all hours of the day in numerous paintings.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4554&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_text]<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Xavier Gos\u00e9 i Rovira: <em>In Montmartre<\/em>, c. 1908. Graphite pencil and ink on cardboard, 32 x 35 cm. MORERA. Museu d\u2019Art Modern i Contemporani de Lleida collection.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titolb3\">Xavier Gos\u00e9 i Rovira: <em>In Montmartre<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitolb3\">One of the scenes situated in the Montmartre district depicted by Xavier Gos\u00e9, an artist from Lleida who was fascinated by the bohemian and artistic atmosphere of Paris, where he lived from 1900 until the beginning of the Great War. Although in his early days he showed great concern for social and labour issues, his servitude to the type of publications he worked for turned him into a visual chronicler of the elegant Paris of the Belle \u00c9poque. He shows us sophisticated women who whitened their faces and exhibited that &#8220;spleen&#8221; or &#8220;vann\u00e9&#8221; \u2013affected boredom with life or languid melancholy\u2013 that Balzac had defined in 1830 in his <em>Treatise on Elegant Life<\/em>, which would later have such an influence on Baudelaire.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4742&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_text]<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Passoles Studio (attributed): <em>The Bullfight<\/em>, 1710. Polychrome ceramic tile panel. Museu del Disseny. Photograph: Guillem Fern\u00e1ndez-Huerta.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titolb3\">Passoles Studio (attributed): <em>The Bullfight<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitolb3\">Like the one in <em>The Chocolate Party<\/em>, this ceramic panel dated to around 1710, in the midst of the War of the Spanish Succession, also comes from the Font de la Salut d&#8217;Alella on the Ca les Monges estate that was acquired by Francesc Amat i Planella. Some of the panels are preserved in situ. In this case, the scene of a profane and playful nature that depicts a bullfight, a type of spectacle that Felipe V of Bourbon abhorred and even wanted to ban from the court. The scene was hypothetically located in the Plaza Mayor in Madrid, with the Casa de la Panader\u00eda in the centre.Bullfights as a mass spectacle, especially in the urban context, could arouse great passion. On 25 July 1835, an afternoon of inadequate bulls in the Barceloneta (together with the riots of Reus) resulted in disturbances that culminated in the burning of convents.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner]<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\t\t\t\tjQuery(document).ready(function ($) {\n\t\t\t\t\tif( typeof jQuery('.ult-carousel-94058346469dea5596247f').slick == \"function\"){\n\t\t\t\t\t\t$('.ult-carousel-94058346469dea5596247f').slick({dots: false,autoplay: true,autoplaySpeed: \"5000\",speed: \"300\",infinite: true,arrows: true,nextArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Next\" style=\"color:#ffffff; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-next default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-right4\"><\/i><\/button>',prevArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Previous\" style=\"color:#ffffff; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-prev default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-left4\"><\/i><\/button>',slidesToScroll:1,slidesToShow:1,swipe: true,draggable: true,touchMove: true,pauseOnHover: true,pauseOnFocus: false,responsive: [\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1026,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1,  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1025,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 760,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t],pauseOnDotsHover: true,customPaging: function(slider, i) {\n                   return '<i type=\"button\" style= \"color:#333333;\" class=\"ultsl-record\" data-role=\"none\"><\/i>';\n                },});\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t});\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t[vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;right&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner]<a  itemprop=\"url\" href=\"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/en\/homo-socialis-sense-restriccions\/\" target=\"_self\" data-hover-background-color='#ffffff' data-hover-color='#000000' class=\"qbutton  enlarge\" style=\"color: #000000; \">Menu<i class=\"qode_icon_font_awesome fa fa-arrow-circle-o-up qode_button_icon_element\" style=\"color: #000000;\" ><\/i><\/a>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;102px&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=&#8221;element_from_right&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;yes&#8221; angled_section_position=&#8221;top&#8221; angled_section_direction=&#8221;from_left_to_right&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#e2e2e2&#8243; el_id=&#8221;privacitat&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1687419148041{padding-right: 10px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;92px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"maria\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Public Privacy. Rites of Society<\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;18px&#8221;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Among the social rituals most affected by the pandemic were weddings, which are still one of the quintessential family events that involve showing off in society, not only to the extended family, but also to friends. The wedding, moreover, consists of different parts, all of which were prohibited during the strictest moments of lockdown: the ceremony (civil or religious), the banquet and the dance. Some media spoke of the &#8220;emotional loss&#8221; for the couples forced to postpone what advertising still wishes to define as &#8220;one of the happiest days&#8221; of their lives.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Other social rituals par excellence that were truncated include the celebration of births and funeral ceremonies. With the former, newborns could not be visited to share the joyous moment. In the case of the latter, the pain of a solitary death in a hospital or care home was compounded by the impossibility of family and friends to come together to express their grief.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;]<div id=\"ult-carousel-162156374069dea55962589\" class=\"ult-carousel-wrapper  comi ult_horizontal\" data-gutter=\"15\" data-rtl=\"false\" ><div class=\"ult-carousel-382993895469dea55962574 \" >[vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4662&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]Olga Sacharoff, <em>A Wedding<\/em>, around 1921. Donation from a group of friends and collectors, 1968. Photo: Museu Nacional d\u2019Art de Catalunya, Barcelona, 2023; \u00a9 The author or her heirs.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titol3\">Olga Sacharoff, <em>A Wedding<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitol3\">The Russian-Catalan painter (born in Tbilisi) presents us with a wedding scene, although we do not know exactly which moment of the celebration it corresponds to. Is it the wedding party making its way to the ceremony? Or has the couple already married and the retinue is on its way to a celebratory feast, perhaps to be held outdoors, hence the wooded setting that frames the scene? This was the colourful, luminous look and the primitivist, amiable style of Olga&#8217;s works during the 1920s and 1930s, in a period after her cubist experimentation but prior to her consolidation as a famous portrait artist.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4562&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]Anonymous: <em>Group of the Holy Sepulchre<\/em>, last third of the 15<sup>th<\/sup> Polychromed wood, 168x15x48cm, 174x51x45cm, 170x51x35cm, 171x55x36.5cm, 180x57x39cm, 175x55x34cm. MEV, Museu d\u2019Art Medieval, Vic. \u00a9 MEV, Museu d\u2019Art Medieval.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titol3\">Anonymous: <em>Group of the Holy Sepulchre<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitol3\">These are six figures from a group dedicated to the Holy Sepulchre that was in the See of Vic. The figures are (in order): Joseph of Arimathea, Mary Magdalene, the Virgin Mary, probably Mary Salome, John and Nicodemus. It is missing a female figure and the Reclining Christ that centred such compositions, which were quite common in 15<sup>th<\/sup> and 16<sup>th<\/sup>-century sculpture and allowed a visual and expressive display of emotions. Although the artist is unknown, one hypothesis links it to Gabriel Gu\u00e0rdia who, at the end of the 15<sup>th<\/sup> century, would have been responsible for the Holy Sepulchre group in Barcelona cathedral. He is known to have lived in Vic around 1500.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4565&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]Ramon Tusquets, <em>The Burial of Fortuny<\/em>, 1874. Museu Nacional d\u2019Art de Catalunya, Purchased in 1904. \u00a9 Museu Nacional d\u2019Art de Catalunya, Barcelona, 2023.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titol3\">Ramon Tusquets, <em>The Burial of Fortuny<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitol3\">Ramon Tusquets had befriended Mari\u00e0 Fortuny in Rome and this painting depicting the funeral procession of the acclaimed artist from Reus became his most emblematic work. Fellow painter, Francisco Pradilla, then retired in Rome, wrote a very detailed description of how the artist&#8217;s farewell took place at the Sant Lloren\u00e7 Extramuros cemetery, where several speeches were made and the last drawing he was working on, a copy of Beethoven&#8217;s funeral mask, was placed in his coffin. &#8220;<em>In addition to this drawing, a box of colours with which he used to paint small panels was placed in the coffin, (&#8230;) and a parchment with the signatures of all the artists present. <\/em><em>(&#8230;) The Spaniards stayed in the cemetery until the corpse was placed in a provisional grave, on whose plaster wall Su\u00f1ol wrote: &#8220;Mariano Fortuny. November 24, 1874<\/em>&#8220;.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4568&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]Antoni Samarra i Tugues: <em>Religious Festival in Ponts<\/em>, 1913. Charcoal and pastel on paper, 33 x 22 cm. MORERA. Museu d\u2019Art Modern i Contemporani de Lleida collection.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titol3\">Antoni Samarra i Tugues: <em>Religious Festival in Ponts<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitol3\">The profusion of public reminds us of the eminently social nature of liturgical services and the obligation (for respectable people) to attend mass on Sundays. In Antoni Samarra&#8217;s work we observe the contrast between the figures in the foreground \u2013in the shadows and only seen from the rear and in profile\u2013 and the bright background where the main altar is drawn, presided over by a baroque altarpiece and where we sense different characters would be several priests officiating the mass. The presence of many priests at the altar could suggest that this is an extraordinary celebration, be it of a festive nature or even the funeral of a high-ranking person, in which the social importance of the deceased was also reflected in the number of chaplains officiating the service. In the same way, this contrast in luminosity also appears to affect the classes: the well-to-do, who would have had a privileged place in the church, with the lower classes attending the service being relegated to the back near the entrance.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4669&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221; image_repeat=&#8221;no-repeat&#8221; background_image=&#8221;4571&#8243;][vc_column_text]Jan Van Roome: <em>The Supplication of Mestra \/ The Marriage of Mestra<\/em>, c. 1500. Museu de Lleida.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titol3\">Jan Van Roome: <em>The Supplication of Mestra \/ The Marriage of Mestra<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitol3\">The tapestries dedicated to the story of Mestra are part of one of the most important collections of this textile art preserved in Catalonia. They were donated by Bishop Jaume Conchillos to La Seu Vella in 1536. The tapestries had been woven a few years earlier in a workshop in Brussels, one of the main production centres. The story of Mestra recounted in Ovid&#8217;s Metamorphoses explains how this young woman had the gift of transmutation, which allowed her to escape from the houses where she had been bought as a slave. Beyond the mythology, the interest of these tapestries lies in the desire to represent courtly scenes with several characters dressed in the clothing corresponding to the upper social classes of the 15<sup>th<\/sup> century.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4577&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]Joan Grau: <em>Nativity of Jesus and the Adoration of the Shepherds<\/em> (fragment of the altarpiece of the Rosary from the monastery of Sant Pere M\u00e1rtir in Manresa), 1642-1646. Polychrome poplar wood. Museu de Manresa.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titol3\">Joan Grau: <em>Nativity of Jesus and the Adoration of the Shepherds<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitol3\">The theme of the Nativity (Luke 2.15) and the Adoration of the Shepherds \u2013summarised in a single scene\u2013 is found in the apocryphal inventiveness that characterises 17<sup>th<\/sup>-century European and Catalan works. In the middle and the foreground, the Child Jesus is placed in a basket, focusing the eyes of all the participants. There is only one woman, the Virgin Mary, kneeling and with folded hands, watching Jesus delicately. There is an architectural background, while the upper part is presided over by a flock of angels among clouds. As was common on many altarpieces, which took as models prints of Flemish or Italian origin, this scene is based on the engraving by Cornelis Cort, which was in turn based on a work by Taddeo Zuccaro from 1590.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4580&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]Antoni Viladomat: <em>Baptism of Saint Francis<\/em>. Between 1729 and 1733. Museu Nacional d\u2019Art de Catalunya, on loan from the Reial Acad\u00e8mia Catalana de Belles Arts de Sant Jordi, 1902; entered the collection, 1906, public domain.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titol3\">Antoni Viladomat: <em>Baptism of Saint Francis<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitol3\">This is one of the 20 large-scale paintings representing different episodes in the life of the founder of the Franciscan order painted by Antoni Viladomat for the monastery of Sant Francesc in Barcelona. Viladomat turns the depiction of the baptism into a true baroque scene with the characters dressed in elegant clothing of the period (actually more typical of the late 17<sup>th<\/sup> than the 18<sup>th<\/sup> century) and inside a temple. An urban landscape can be glimpsed in the background through the open door. In this social event centred around the baptismal font, we also find traditional motifs, such as the dog or the children half climbing into the font so as not to miss any detail of what was going on.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner]<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\t\t\t\tjQuery(document).ready(function ($) {\n\t\t\t\t\tif( typeof jQuery('.ult-carousel-382993895469dea55962574').slick == \"function\"){\n\t\t\t\t\t\t$('.ult-carousel-382993895469dea55962574').slick({dots: false,autoplay: true,autoplaySpeed: \"5000\",speed: \"300\",infinite: true,arrows: true,nextArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Next\" style=\"color:#333333; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-next default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-right4\"><\/i><\/button>',prevArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Previous\" style=\"color:#333333; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-prev default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-left4\"><\/i><\/button>',slidesToScroll:1,slidesToShow:1,swipe: true,draggable: true,touchMove: true,pauseOnHover: true,pauseOnFocus: false,responsive: [\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1026,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1,  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1025,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 760,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t],pauseOnDotsHover: true,customPaging: function(slider, i) {\n                   return '<i type=\"button\" style= \"color:#333333;\" class=\"ultsl-record\" data-role=\"none\"><\/i>';\n                },});\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t});\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t[vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;right&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner]<a  itemprop=\"url\" href=\"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/en\/homo-socialis-sense-restriccions\/\" target=\"_self\" data-hover-background-color='#ffffff' data-hover-color='#000000' class=\"qbutton  enlarge\" style=\"color: #000000; \">Menu<i class=\"qode_icon_font_awesome fa fa-arrow-circle-o-up qode_button_icon_element\" style=\"color: #000000;\" ><\/i><\/a>[vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=&#8221;element_from_left&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;yes&#8221; angled_section_position=&#8221;top&#8221; angled_section_direction=&#8221;from_right_to_left&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; el_id=&#8221;ballem&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1687419189229{padding-right: 10px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;92px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"maria\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Shall we dance?<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;18px&#8221;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>The dance can be ritual in the context of a certain tradition. It involves an audience that applauds and endorses it, or it may be merely for fun, without ignoring the fact that a big <em>festa major<\/em> marquee dance or disco is also ruled by rituality, ranging from exhibition to courtship. The proximity and contact provided by dance was outlawed during the pandemic, when a necessary &#8220;social distance&#8221; was advocated. <em>Sardanes<\/em> were allowed if the dancers held a handkerchief or piece of cloth by two ends, so as to avoid hand contact. On the other hand, the <em>festa major<\/em> dances were suppressed and often reduced to outdoor concerts, which had to be witnessed sitting in well-spaced chairs, while the body was deprived of the expression of movement that follows the rhythm of the music.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;]<div id=\"ult-carousel-199245061469dea559626be\" class=\"ult-carousel-wrapper  comi ult_horizontal\" data-gutter=\"15\" data-rtl=\"false\" ><div class=\"ult-carousel-166752055369dea559626a4 \" >[vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4584&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Dom\u00e8nec Soler, Lema: <em>For\u00a0Sabadell<\/em>, 1911. Gouache and pencil on paper, 112 x 73 cm. Museu d\u2019Art de Sabadell \/ Sabadell City Council<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titolb3\">Dom\u00e8nec Soler, Lema: <em>For\u00a0Sabadell<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitolb3\">Domingo Soler (that was how he signed his name) was a painter from Sabadell who trained in his hometown with Joan Vila Cinca, the patriarch of a well-known lineage of artists. He later studied at La Llotja in Barcelona, where he won a scholarship to study scenography in Paris. He stood out, therefore, as a scenographer, landscape painter and watercolourist. He entered<em> For Sabadell<\/em> in the competition for the 1911 <em>Festa Major<\/em> poster and was awarded second prize. It is a luminous scene, dominated by the white clothing of the characters, who are dancing <em>sardanes<\/em> in what could be the gathering during the festival of the <em>Verge de la Salut<\/em> (Our Lady of Good Health), the patron saint of Sabadell. In the background we see the bell tower of Sant F\u00e9lix and the factory chimneys, as an evocation of the industrial city in contrast to the fictitious <em>Arcadia<\/em> of the gatherings.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4587&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Francesc Vayreda i Casab\u00f3: <em>The Marquee Loge<\/em>, 1921. Oil on canvas. Museu de la Garrotxa. On loan. Private collection.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titolb3\">Francesc Vayreda i Casab\u00f3: <em>The Marquee Loge<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitolb3\">The loge was the box from which to watch the performance, but also in which to be seen. It was a &#8220;showcase of young ladies&#8221; in the time of Francesc Vayreda, when &#8220;dance cards&#8221; were filled in according to the requests received. These are what two of the young ladies in this scene are holding in their hands, while another seems engrossed in looking towards the dance floor. Is she looking for someone in particular? These women &#8220;wait&#8221;, as per the tradition, which does not grant them the prerogative of taking the initiative and asking the man they are interested in to dance. They wait, with veiled and restrained emotion, to be &#8220;chosen&#8221; in the hope that they are pleased with whoever chooses them. Centuries of waiting and a wait of centuries.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4590&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Mari\u00e0 Vayreda i Vila: <em>Ball\u00a0del Gambeto, a Riudaura<\/em>, 1890.\u00a0Museu d\u2019Art de Girona. Girona Provincial Government Collection. Photo: R. Bosch.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titolb3\">Mari\u00e0 Vayreda i Vila: <em>Ball\u00a0del Gambeto, a Riudaura<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitolb3\">This traditional Rosary Dance is known as the Ball del Gambeto (after the long cape worn by the men). It is still danced on Pentecost Sunday, when Riudaura (La Garrotxa county) celebrates the Rosary festival. This type of dance is a variant of the so-called <em>ball pla<\/em> or <em>ball cerd\u00e0<\/em> performed in several localities in the Ripoll\u00e8s region, including Gombr\u00e8n and Sant Joan de les Abadesses, although it also has similarities with that danced in Tor\u00e0 (La Segarra county) for the Rosary Festival. In the same way as men&#8217;s clothing is characterised by the long cape or <em>gambeto<\/em>, the women wear a white hood and shawl. The artist Josep Berga also painted this dance on different occasions.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4593&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Ismael Smith: <em>Dancers<\/em>, 1906. Museu d\u2019Art de Cerdanyola. Photo: Jordi Puig<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titolb3\">Ismael Smith: <em>Dancers<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitolb3\">One of the pairs of dancers portrayed by the versatile Ismael Smith, who experimented with many artistic languages and here models the arabesque and curvature formed by their bodies to the rhythm of the music. A man and a woman are dancing, but the expression of the movement also denotes a sensual impulse, heightened by the dance as a courtship ritual and an opportunity for contact, perhaps the moment before the lovers melt into a passionate kiss? Be that as it may, practically the only dancing possible during the lockdown was in the dining room with those we shared our home with. How many bodies desired each other at a distance, longing to melt into the rhythm of the music?<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4596&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Anonymous: <em>Peasant Scene<\/em>, 18<sup>th<\/sup> Oil on canvas, 53.5 x 85 cm. Biblioteca Museu V\u00edctor Balaguer.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titolb3\">Anonymous: <em>Peasant Scene<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitolb3\">This peasant scene reminds us of the Flemish <em>kermesses<\/em> so well depicted by David Teniers (with the precedent of Brueghel) and which Antoine Watteau would turn into <em>F\u00eates galantes<\/em> in the same spirit, although converting the peasants into refined characters. This work by an unknown artist depicts a very crowded outdoor party with the characters in a festive mood. Dancing was one of the main activities typical of any moment in the festive event. Here it is obscured by the large number of characters, but nevertheless depicted in different parts of the composition.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4599&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Ramon Casas i Carb\u00f3: <em>Dance in the Moulin de la Galette<\/em>, 1890-1891. Oil on canvas, 100.3 x 81.4 cm. Museus de Sitges.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titolb3\">Ramon Casas i Carb\u00f3: <em>Dance in the Moulin de la Galette<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitolb3\">The Moulin de la Galette, which took its name from the windmill that stood outside, was perhaps one of the most portrayed establishments in Paris between the centuries. Like Renoir, Toulouse-Lautrec and Picasso, Ramon Casas was no exception and this depiction represents the venue not when it was at its busiest, but at a quieter time in the afternoon, with only a few couples dancing and the musicians on stage. This is not the only time Ramon Casas turned his attention to this mythical bohemian venue in Paris. He would recreate the atmosphere again in another work in the same year, entitled &#8220;Interior of the Moulin de la Galette&#8221;, also tinged with melancholy. It is the same melancholy exuded by Madeleine, who sits alone smoking, watching a man, possibly her lover, dancing with another woman.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner]<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\t\t\t\tjQuery(document).ready(function ($) {\n\t\t\t\t\tif( typeof jQuery('.ult-carousel-166752055369dea559626a4').slick == \"function\"){\n\t\t\t\t\t\t$('.ult-carousel-166752055369dea559626a4').slick({dots: false,autoplay: true,autoplaySpeed: \"5000\",speed: \"300\",infinite: true,arrows: true,nextArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Next\" style=\"color:#ffffff; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-next default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-right4\"><\/i><\/button>',prevArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Previous\" style=\"color:#ffffff; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-prev default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-left4\"><\/i><\/button>',slidesToScroll:1,slidesToShow:1,swipe: true,draggable: true,touchMove: true,pauseOnHover: true,pauseOnFocus: false,responsive: [\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1026,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1,  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1025,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 760,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t],pauseOnDotsHover: true,customPaging: function(slider, i) {\n                   return '<i type=\"button\" style= \"color:#333333;\" class=\"ultsl-record\" data-role=\"none\"><\/i>';\n                },});\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t});\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t[vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;right&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner]<a  itemprop=\"url\" href=\"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/en\/homo-socialis-sense-restriccions\/#menu\" target=\"_self\" data-hover-background-color='#000000' data-hover-border-color='#ffffff' data-hover-color='#ffffff' class=\"qbutton  enlarge\" style=\"color: #ffffff; border-color: #ffffff; \">Menu<i class=\"qode_icon_font_awesome fa fa-arrow-circle-o-up qode_button_icon_element\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\" ><\/i><\/a>[vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=&#8221;element_from_right&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;yes&#8221; angled_section_position=&#8221;top&#8221; angled_section_direction=&#8221;from_left_to_right&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; el_id=&#8221;carrer1&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1687419304978{padding-right: 10px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"maria\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Taking the street (I). Leisure and business.<\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;18px&#8221;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><strong>The street was forbidden territory during lockdown. We could view it from our balconies. Its casual occupation <\/strong><strong>\u2013<\/strong><strong>whether by children playing or people walking<\/strong><strong>\u2013<\/strong><strong> was banned and unauthorised use was often denounced by one\u2019s own neighbours. It was not a pleasant situation and fluctuated between imponderables such as fear, obedience and the uncertainty of it all. Some measures that regulated access to the public highway were very controversial, such as the permissiveness regarding walking dogs versus the ban on going out with children. Leaving the house to put the rubbish out became one of the most coveted activities in the daily routine and one of the rare moments in which to recall the taste of freedom.<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><strong>However, the street is not only a place for leisure, but also a place in which to do business. This was affected by the ban on street markets and fairs that lasted for many months.<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;]<div id=\"ult-carousel-288373897069dea559627e1\" class=\"ult-carousel-wrapper  comi ult_horizontal\" data-gutter=\"15\" data-rtl=\"false\" ><div class=\"ult-carousel-220214674369dea559627ca \" >[vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4603&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]Torn\u00e9-Esquius: <em>Montmartre Fair<\/em>, c. 1915. Oil on canvas, 49.5 x 59.2 cm. Fundaci\u00f3 Palau, Caldes d\u2019Estrac.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titol3\">Torn\u00e9-Esquius: <em>Montmartre Fair<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitol3\">This work by Torner i Esquius is evocative of the idyllic, timeless atmosphere of the Sunday fairs, where well-dressed people stroll happily and children are in paradise. Pere Torner i Esquius lived in Paris from 1905, although he never lost his connection with Barcelona. His best-known works mainly evoke the stillness of domestic and inanimate interiors. Here, on the other hand, he presents us with a bright, colourful exterior scene, illustrating the public and collective dimension of spaces devoted to leisure, all together with a gentle, naive primitivism. To the left there is a carousel with horses and to the right some costumed characters appear to be involved in a performance. All this is reminiscent of fairground organ music and the smell of candy floss.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4606&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]Jaume Morera, <em>Market in Santa Coloma de Queralt<\/em>, around 1895. Museu Nacional d\u2019Art de Catalunya. Donated by the artist\u2019s widow, 1928. \u00a9 Museu Nacional d\u2019Art de Catalunya, Barcelona, 2023.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titol3\">Jaume Morera, <em>Market in Santa Coloma de Queralt<\/em>,<\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitol3\">Despite having been born in Lleida, Jaume Morera i Gal\u00edcia\u2019s family was from Santa Coloma and he maintained a relationship with that town for a good part of his life. He often spent time there and his stays resulted in quite a large number of paintings and related engravings with the local landscape as a pretext. Here he depicts a market scene in Santa Coloma\u2019s porticoed square. Its trapezoidal or slightly triangular shape suggests it is probably viewed from the perspective of a balcony, with the summarily painted columns of the entire uniform portico to the right. Of particular note is the exuberant whiteness of the wagon covers and the movement suggested by the organised disorder of the bundles and goods. It is worth mentioning that Santa Coloma\u2019s has traditionally been one of the great markets of central Catalonia and that it is still held in the square every Monday.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4609&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]Josep Blanquet i Taberner: <em>Climb to the Castle<\/em>, 1899. Oil on canvas, 70 x 93.5 cm. Museu de l\u2019Empord\u00e0.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titol3\">Josep Blanquet i Taberner: <em>Climb to the Castle<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitol3\"><em>The <\/em><em>Climb to the Castle<\/em> (referring to that of Sant Ferran de Figueres) reflects the atmosphere of a Sunday fair, which the artist portrayed in other works including <em>The Olot Road<\/em> or <em>The Pig Market<\/em>, all of which are in the Empord\u00e0 Museum. From the framing to the desire for realistic detail, it already shows the influence of photography. It is in fact a direct copy of pictures by the photographer resident in Paris, Josep M. Ca\u00f1ellas, taken in this case from the so-called <em>Rubaudonadeu Album<\/em> (1888-89). Josep Blanquet opened a drawing academy in Figueres in 1901, which he combined with his activity as a wall painter. Salvador Dal\u00ed considered him the first hyperrealist and took some of his works to the tribute exhibition dedicated to him by the Centre d&#8217;Art Georges Pompidou in 1979.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4612&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]Josep Bernat Flaugier or Salvador Mayol: <em>El Pla de la Boqueria<\/em>, 1810-1820. Oil on canvas, 54 x 130.5 cm. Biblioteca Museu V\u00edctor Balaguer.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titol3\">Josep Bernat Flaugier or Salvador Mayol: <em>El Pla de la Boqueria<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitol3\">This is a <em>costumista<\/em> scene in the context of a certain popular <em>castissism<\/em> from the late 18<sup>th<\/sup> and early 19<sup>th<\/sup> centuries, when in Castile many <em>majas y majos<\/em> performances were held, recreating the courtship atmospheres of the French <em>F\u00eate galante<\/em>, derived in turn from the Flemish <em>Kermesse<\/em>. The scene \u2013according to the title set in Barcelona&#8217;s Pla de la Boqueria\u2013 introduces picaresque elements, such as the brandished black rooster to scare the girls, the male character with a French-style hat who occupies the central position. There are also musicians, soldiers and children playing. A certain sense of disorder reigns, recalling the scenes of customs and, at the same time, urban chronicles of a satirical nature that artists such as Hogarth had popularised through paintings and engravings. La Rambla as a space is identified by the presence of trees on both sides, in the manner of the French boulevards.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4615&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]Xavier Gos\u00e9 i Rovira: <em>Promenoir<\/em>, c. 1912. Pencil, ink, gouache and fixative on cardboard, 39 x 27.5 cm. MORERA. Museu d\u2019Art Modern i Contemporani de Lleida collection.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titol3\">Xavier Gos\u00e9 i Rovira: <em>Promenoir<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitol3\">The elegant Parisiens depicted by Xavier Gos\u00e9, a short-lived illustrator from Lleida who gained international fame and prestige, are walking somewhere and with a specific goal. Perhaps they are just on their way to a party, a casino or a theatre. However, their clothing \u2013top hats for the men, long coats for the women\u2013 places them outside, also walking the street in an attitude of strolling that evokes the <em>promenoir<\/em> of the work&#8217;s title. Gos\u00e9 also contributed to the prestigious fashion magazines of the time and his works are a parade of men&#8217;s tailcoats and top hats and modern women&#8217;s clothing, which had already abandoned the miscreant and the corset. The sweetness of life that preceded the disaster portrayed by Stefan Zweig in &#8220;The World of Yesterday&#8221;.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner]<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\t\t\t\tjQuery(document).ready(function ($) {\n\t\t\t\t\tif( typeof jQuery('.ult-carousel-220214674369dea559627ca').slick == \"function\"){\n\t\t\t\t\t\t$('.ult-carousel-220214674369dea559627ca').slick({dots: false,autoplay: true,autoplaySpeed: \"5000\",speed: \"300\",infinite: true,arrows: true,nextArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Next\" style=\"color:#333333; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-next default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-right4\"><\/i><\/button>',prevArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Previous\" style=\"color:#333333; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-prev default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-left4\"><\/i><\/button>',slidesToScroll:1,slidesToShow:1,swipe: true,draggable: true,touchMove: true,pauseOnHover: true,pauseOnFocus: false,responsive: [\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1026,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1,  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1025,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 760,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t],pauseOnDotsHover: true,customPaging: function(slider, i) {\n                   return '<i type=\"button\" style= \"color:#333333;\" class=\"ultsl-record\" data-role=\"none\"><\/i>';\n                },});\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t});\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t[vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;right&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner]<a  itemprop=\"url\" href=\"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/en\/homo-socialis-sense-restriccions\/#menu\" target=\"_self\" data-hover-background-color='#ffffff' data-hover-color='#000000' class=\"qbutton  enlarge\" style=\"color: #000000; \">Menu<i class=\"qode_icon_font_awesome fa fa-arrow-circle-o-up qode_button_icon_element\" style=\"color: #000000;\" ><\/i><\/a>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;102px&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=&#8221;element_from_left&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;yes&#8221; angled_section_position=&#8221;top&#8221; angled_section_direction=&#8221;from_right_to_left&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#007882&#8243; anchor=&#8221;dramatisme&#8221; el_id=&#8221;carrer2&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1687419343554{padding-right: 10px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"maria\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Taking the street (II). The streets will always be ours?<\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;18px&#8221;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>During lockdown we were able to see how health-related fear emptied the streets, not only because it was forbidden to use them idly but because any demonstration or action of mass protest was also unfeasible. Breaking the rules often meant being reprimanded by one&#8217;s own neighbours<\/strong> <strong>and we began to speak, informally, of the &#8220;balcony police&#8221;. In this respect, little by little the occupation of the street through the terraces of the hospitality industry was progressively allowed. Even before that, time slots were established for going out for a walk. However, manifestations of a festive and reclamatory nature <\/strong><strong>\u2013<\/strong><strong>retinues, parades, etc.<\/strong><strong>\u2013 <\/strong><strong>took the longest to be re-permitted and it was not until 2022 that it was possible to convene them again normally. But what has been the underlying effect of almost two years of paralysation?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;]<div id=\"ult-carousel-351123302369dea559628c6\" class=\"ult-carousel-wrapper  comi ult_horizontal\" data-gutter=\"15\" data-rtl=\"false\" ><div class=\"ult-carousel-364469766169dea559628af \" >[vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4618&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]Antoni Estruch, <em>Demonstration for the Republic<\/em>, 1904. Oil on canvas, 141.5 x 201.5 cm. Museu\u00a0d\u2019Art de\u00a0Sabadell\u00a0\/ Sabadell City Council.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titol3\">Antoni Estruch, <em>Demonstration for the Republic<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitol3\">Antoni Estruch i Bros was a painter from Sabadell who first trained with the artist Joan Vila i Cinca, founder of the Sabadell Academy of Fine Arts, and then studied at the School of Fine Arts in Barcelona. His travels took him to Rome, Paris, Palestine and Buenos Aires, where he died. His great historicist-themed works make him one of the most outstanding representatives of this pictorial genre in Catalonia, with iconic <em>Catalanist<\/em> paintings such as <em>Corpus de Sang<\/em>, also in the Sabadell Art Museum, or <em>September 11, 1714<\/em>. This demonstration, eminently male and with the characters dressed as workers, is also characterised by the pre-eminence of the two Republican flags in the centre.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4621&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]Ramon Casas i Carb\u00f3: <em>The Charge<\/em>, 1899-1902. Oil on canvas. Museu de la Garrotxa (on loan from the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sof\u00eda de Madrid).[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titol3\">Ramon Casas i Carb\u00f3: <em>The Charge<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitol3\">Although it does not represent any specific historical episode, Ramon Casas was inspired by the arrests of anarchists, a consequence of the attack on the Corpus Christi procession in 1896. The protagonist of the scene is the member of the <em>Guardia Civil<\/em> on horseback knocking over a demonstrator. It is an image endowed with great symbolic power, even more so given the role played by the <em>Guardia Civil<\/em> on 1 October 2017. The empty space in the centre of the composition, with the crowd in the background, adds dramatic tension to the scene, while showing the symbolic clash between the people who have risen up and the authorities.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4630&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]Josep Berga i Boix: <em>Subjugating Catalonia<\/em>, 1877.\u00a0Museu\u00a0d\u2019Art\u00a0de\u00a0Girona. Girona Provincial Government Collection. Photo: R. Bosch.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titol3\">Josep Berga i Boix: <em>Subjugating Catalonia<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitol3\">The Garrotxa landscape (between idealisation and reality) is the protagonist of this oil painting by Berga. The imposing nature minimises the presence of this group of men who formed the <em>Somentent<\/em>, a specifically Catalan militia organised separately from the army for the self-defence of a territory in the event of conflict or various other eventualities. The <em>Somentent<\/em> was banned several times by the authorities during the centuries of its existence, because it never ceased to be a &#8220;subversive&#8221; element that evaded official control. It was finally suppressed by the Spanish Senate in 1978.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4624&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]Joan Abell\u00f3: <em>La Diada<\/em>, last quarter of the 20<sup>th<\/sup> Oil on canvas, 89 x 116 cm, 107.5 x 134.5 x 6.5. Museu Abell\u00f3.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titol3\">Joan Abell\u00f3: <em>La Diada<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitol3\">Joan Abell\u00f3 created this work to commemorate Catalan National Day on 11 September 1977, the first to be authorised after Franco\u2019s death, although it had been celebrated in Sant Boi de Llobregat in 1976. It was also known as the &#8220;statute demonstration\u201d, given that the slogan was &#8220;Liberty, Amnesty and Statute of Autonomy&#8221;. It was a massive rally that lasted more than five hours, descending Passeig de Gr\u00e0cia and Ronda de Sant Pere to the Rafael de Casanova monument. Abell\u00f3 captures its vital and effervescent pulse, accentuated by the vivid features of the women he depicts.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4627&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]Anonymous: <em>Santa \u00darsula and the Eleven Thousand Virgins<\/em>, late 15<sup>th<\/sup> Tempera on wood, 139 x 46, 5 x 8 cm. Museu de Reus[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titol3\">Anonymous: <em>Santa \u00darsula and the Eleven Thousand Virgins<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitol3\">This altarpiece from the town of Vilella Alta depicts Saint Ursula in the foreground with the martyr&#8217;s palm accompanied by two of the eleven thousand Virgins who have more individualised features. Behind it is only an overlapping of halos that aims to suggest the number of women who consecrated their virginity to the Christian religion, despite the threat of martyrdom. The thematic and temporal distance does not prevent us from seeing a certain analogy between this pictorial concentration of virgin and haloed women and the (predominantly female) demonstrations to commemorate the 8<sup>th<\/sup> of March or International Working Women&#8217;s Day. The great demonstration of 8 March 2020 was the last large mass concentration of people in the streets of the big cities, less than a week before the curfew was imposed.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner]<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\t\t\t\tjQuery(document).ready(function ($) {\n\t\t\t\t\tif( typeof jQuery('.ult-carousel-364469766169dea559628af').slick == \"function\"){\n\t\t\t\t\t\t$('.ult-carousel-364469766169dea559628af').slick({dots: false,autoplay: true,autoplaySpeed: \"5000\",speed: \"300\",infinite: true,arrows: true,nextArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Next\" style=\"color:#333333; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-next default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-right4\"><\/i><\/button>',prevArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Previous\" style=\"color:#333333; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-prev default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-left4\"><\/i><\/button>',slidesToScroll:1,slidesToShow:1,swipe: true,draggable: true,touchMove: true,pauseOnHover: true,pauseOnFocus: false,responsive: [\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1026,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1,  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1025,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 760,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t],pauseOnDotsHover: true,customPaging: function(slider, i) {\n                   return '<i type=\"button\" style= \"color:#333333;\" class=\"ultsl-record\" data-role=\"none\"><\/i>';\n                },});\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t});\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t[vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;right&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner]<a  itemprop=\"url\" href=\"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/en\/homo-socialis-sense-restriccions\/#menu\" target=\"_self\" data-hover-background-color='#ffffff' data-hover-color='#000000' class=\"qbutton  enlarge\" style=\"color: #000000; \">Menu<i class=\"qode_icon_font_awesome fa fa-arrow-circle-o-up qode_button_icon_element\" style=\"color: #000000;\" ><\/i><\/a>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;102px&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;no&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221;][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=&#8221;element_from_right&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;yes&#8221; angled_section_position=&#8221;top&#8221; angled_section_direction=&#8221;from_left_to_right&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#e2e2e2&#8243; el_id=&#8221;altres&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1687419375233{padding-right: 10px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;92px&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"maria\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Other meeting places<\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;18px&#8221;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><strong>In the harshest moments of lockdown, the only meeting spaces beyond the home were virtual. We connected via Zoom, Meet, Teams, etc., the 21<sup>st<\/sup>-century <em>agoras<\/em> in which we could come together, converse and debate. We also &#8220;learned&#8221; to work &#8220;online&#8221; from the solitude of our own homes. In this section we show some meeting places that were forbidden to us:<\/strong> <strong>coexistence in a work or teaching environment; the backrooms of shops as gathering spaces; or the laundries of years gone by as places of female confidence and conviviality.<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><strong>Finally, &#8220;visiting&#8221; someone during the pandemic also became a utopia and prudence or fear made a big hole in people&#8217;s social habits for a long time.<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;]<div id=\"ult-carousel-304725226269dea5596299e\" class=\"ult-carousel-wrapper  comi ult_horizontal\" data-gutter=\"15\" data-rtl=\"false\" ><div class=\"ult-carousel-304100949369dea55962988 \" >[vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4636&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]Joan Grau: <em>Jesus among the Doctors of the Law<\/em> (part of the El Roser altarpiece from the monastery of Sant Pere M\u00e0rtir in Manresa), 1642-1646. Polychrome poplar wood. Museu de Manresa.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titol3\">Joan Grau: <em>Jesus among the Doctors of the Law<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitol3\">This panel was part of the Rosary altarpiece from Sant Pere M\u00e0rtir monastery in Manresa. It is one of the most outstanding examples of Catalan baroque altarpieces, of which the Manresa workshop of Joan Grau was one of the finest exponents. Part of the Our Lady of the Rosary cult centred on the prayer of the rosary, this scene represents the last of the so-called &#8220;mystery canticles\u201d corresponding to the childhood of Jesus. Mary and Joseph lose sight of Jesus in the bustle of the town and eventually find him arguing with the doctors of the law. He is depicted in a chair and in a high position, imparting or dictating knowledge.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4639&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]Ramon Torres Prieto: <em>The Shop Backroom of Pitarra<\/em>, c. 1945. Drawing on paper, 28.8 x 40 cm. Museu Frederic Mar\u00e8s.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titol3\">Ramon Torres Prieto: <em>The Shop Backroom of Pitarra<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitol3\">This work evokes an actual place in the loft of the clock shop in what was the house of the writer Frederic Soler &#8220;Pitarra&#8221;, where his famous social gatherings were organised from 1863 to 1871. The ground floor of the house later became the Pitarra Restaurant, which kept the backroom space intact until its closure in 2018, when it became an Irish pub, despite several voices calling for it to be given protected status. On the first anniversary of Pitarra&#8217;s death, the illustrated weekly Lo Teatro regional evoked the gatherings, stating that &#8220;there was no literary, artistic, political or mere entertainment event that was not discussed in those meetings, that should not be applauded or satirised and that did not deserve, according to him, an auca, an acrostic, a sonnet with peus forsats, a romance or an epigram&#8221;.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4665&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]Jos\u00e9 Guti\u00e9rrez Solana, <em>Gathering at the Apothecary\u2019s House<\/em>, around 1934. Museu Nacional d\u2019Art de Catalunya. Acquired at the National Exhibition of Fine Arts in Barcelona, spring 1942. Photo: Museu Nacional d\u2019Art de Catalunya; \u00a9 Jos\u00e9 Guti\u00e9rrez Solana, VEGAP, Barcelona, 2023.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titol3\">Jos\u00e9 Guti\u00e9rrez Solana, <em>Gathering at the Apothecary\u2019s House<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitol3\">Some shops or other establishments, such as barbershops, were (especially in more recent times) places for gatherings and meetings. This work shows us five men sitting in what looks like the exterior of a shop, which we know from the title would have been the apothecary&#8217;s house or pharmacy. Two of them are holding the closed umbrellas with which they have left home just in case. Another two are reading newspapers. A small dog is sitting next to the man on the left (who knows if the painter is paying homage to Vel\u00e1zquez here?). Guti\u00e9rrez Solana was a magnificent urban chronicler of his time, not only in pictorial but also in literary terms, writing such works as <em>Madrid: escenas y costumbres<\/em> (two volumes) between 1913 and 1918. Camilo Jos\u00e9 Cela edited his complete works.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4642&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]Leandre Crist\u00f2fol Peralba: Rinsing (Laundry), 1954. Chestnut wood, 113.2 x 153.8 x 13.3 cm. Donated by Leandre Crist\u00f2fol, 1990. MORERA. Museu d&#8217;Art Modern i Contemporani de Lleida collection.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titol3\">Leandre Crist\u00f2fol Peralba: Rinsing (Laundry)<\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitol3\">The laundry was a public meeting place, primarily for women, where networks of sociability and even community action were traditionally built. It was a place where you went to do hard work, but where you also had the opportunity to talk and share confidences without family or male surveillance. It became a stronghold of solidarity and trust and an escape from domestic seclusion. Ultimately, the gender specific nature of the public space does not deactivate it as a potential arena for struggle and emancipation.<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4645&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;12px&#8221;][vc_column_text]Llu\u00e7\u00e0 Workshop: <em>Altar from Santa Maria in Llu\u00e7\u00e0 (Visitation)<\/em>, 1210-1220. Tempera on wood, 104.5 x 178.5 x 6 cm; 102 x 107.5 x 6.5 cm; 101.5 x 107 x 6.5 cm. MEV, Museu d\u2019Art Medieval, Vic. \u00a9 MEV, Museu d\u2019Art Medieval.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"titol3\">Llu\u00e7\u00e0 Workshop: <em>Altar from Santa Maria in Llu\u00e7\u00e0 (Visitation)<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitol3\">\n<p>The Visitation of Mary to her cousin Elizabeth (mother of Saint John the Baptist) is an episode from the New Testament recounted in the Gospel of Luke (1:39-56): <em>At that time Mary readied herself and hurried to a town in the hill country of Judea, where she entered Zechariah\u2019s home and greeted Elizabeth, who in a loud voice exclaimed: \u201cBlessed are you among women, and blessed is the child you will bear! But why am I so favoured, that the mother of my Lord should come to me?\u201d.<\/em> On the Llu\u00e7\u00e0 frontal the two women are the absolute protagonists of the scene, while later the figures of Joseph or Zechariah would be incorporated.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner]<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\t\t\t\tjQuery(document).ready(function ($) {\n\t\t\t\t\tif( typeof jQuery('.ult-carousel-304100949369dea55962988').slick == \"function\"){\n\t\t\t\t\t\t$('.ult-carousel-304100949369dea55962988').slick({dots: false,autoplay: true,autoplaySpeed: \"5000\",speed: \"300\",infinite: true,arrows: true,nextArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Next\" style=\"color:#333333; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-next default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-right4\"><\/i><\/button>',prevArrow: '<button type=\"button\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Previous\" style=\"color:#333333; font-size:45px;\" class=\"slick-prev default\"><i class=\"ultsl-arrow-left4\"><\/i><\/button>',slidesToScroll:1,slidesToShow:1,swipe: true,draggable: true,touchMove: true,pauseOnHover: true,pauseOnFocus: false,responsive: [\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1026,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1,  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 1025,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  breakpoint: 760,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  settings: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToShow: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tslidesToScroll: 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t],pauseOnDotsHover: true,customPaging: function(slider, i) {\n                   return '<i type=\"button\" style= \"color:#333333;\" class=\"ultsl-record\" data-role=\"none\"><\/i>';\n                },});\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t});\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t[vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;right&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner]<a  itemprop=\"url\" href=\"https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/en\/homo-socialis-sense-restriccions\/#menu\" target=\"_self\" data-hover-background-color='#ffffff' data-hover-color='#000000' class=\"qbutton  enlarge\" style=\"color: #000000; \">Menu<i class=\"qode_icon_font_awesome fa fa-arrow-circle-o-up qode_button_icon_element\" style=\"color: #000000;\" ><\/i><\/a>[vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row css_animation=&#8221;element_from_fade&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;yes&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;no&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; row_negative_margin=&#8221;disable_negative_margin&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#337581&#8243; padding_bottom=&#8221;0&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1687417696667{background: #000000 url(https:\/\/xarxa.museunacional.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/portadaf.jpg?id=4732) !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;museutit&#8221;][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;172px&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1686914056647{padding-right: 0px !important;padding-left: px !important;}&#8221;] \u201cHomo socialis\u201d: without restrictions [\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1686914088117{padding-left: 5px !important;}&#8221;] Curator: Maria Gargant\u00e9 Llanes Number of works: 55[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;72px&#8221;][vc_column_text] Museums represented: MACBA, MNAC, Museu&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4434,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"full_width.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_vp_format_video_url":"","_vp_image_focal_point":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4949","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - 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